Clinical, Bacteriological, and Histopathological Aspects of Endotoxic Pyometra in Bitches
Yıl: 2018 Cilt: 24 Sayı: 5 Sayfa Aralığı: 663 - 671 Metin Dili: İngilizce DOI: 10.9775/kvfd.2018.19675 İndeks Tarihi: 06-12-2018
Clinical, Bacteriological, and Histopathological Aspects of Endotoxic Pyometra in Bitches
Öz: The object of this study was to compare the histopathologic change in uterus as well as the findings of clinical and bacteriological of twentyfourbitches with pyometra. Uterine lesions were grouped as acute endometritis, subacute endometritis, acute metritis, subacute metritis.Complete blood-count, blood biochemical parameters and toxin levels were determined. Only alkaline phosphatase levels were significantlydifferent between all groups (P<0.01). Blood endotoxin level was different between the acute and subacute endometritis groups (P<0.01),and subacute endometritis and acute metritis groups (P<0.01). All bitches in the subacute endometritis group recovered. Three bitches in theacute endometritis group, two bitches in the acute metritis group and one bitch in the subacute metritis group died. The blood endotoxinlevel was determined to be quite high in the dead bitches. There was a difference in the levels of blood urea nitrogen (P<0.05), creatinine(P<0.01), and toxin (P<0.0001) between the dead and surviving bitches. In conclusion, the prognosis of pyometra may be recovered inbitches diagnosed with subacute endometritis associated with low levels of circulating endotoxin. The endotoxemic bitches that have bloodendotoxin level above 0.96 EU/mL along with significantly increased alkaline phosphatase, blood urea nitrogen, and creatinine concentrationwould likely end up with a mortality outcome for acute endometritis, acute metritis, or subacute metritis. These parameters may serve asgood prognostic markers in bitches with pyometra.
Anahtar Kelime: Konular:
Köpeklerde Endotoksik Pyometranın Klinik, Bakteriyolojik ve Histopatolojik Özellikleri
Öz: Bu çalışmanın amacı, pyometralı yirmi dört köpeğin uteruslarındaki histopatolojik değişikliklerin karşılaştırılmasıdır. Uterus lezyonları akut endometritis, subakut endometritis, akut metritis, subakut metritis olarak gruplandırıldı. Tam kan sayımı, kan biyokimyasal parametreler ve toksin seviyeleri belirlendi. Tüm gruplar arasındaki farklılık sadece alkalen fosfotaz seviyesinde önemliydi (P<0.01). Kan endotoksin seviyesi, akut ve subakut endometritis grupları (P<0.01) ile subakut endometritis ve akut metritis grupları (P<0.01) arasında farklıydı. Subakut endometritis grubundaki tüm köpekler iyileşti. Akut endometritis grubunda üç köpek, akut metritis grubunda iki köpek ve subakut metritis grubunda ise bir köpek öldü. Kan endotoksin seviyesinin ölen köpeklerde oldukça yüksek seviyede olduğu belirlendi. Ölen ve yaşayan köpekler arasında kan üre nitrojen (P<0.05), kreatinin (P<0.01) ve toksin (P<0.0001) seviyelerinin farklı olduğu görüldü. Sonuç olarak, dolaşımdaki endotoksinin düşük seviyesi ile ilişkili olarak subakut endometritis tanısı konulan köpeklerde pyometranın prognozunun iyileştirilebileceği düşünüldü. Yüksek seviyede alkalen fosfotaz, kan üre azotu ve kreatinin konsantrasyonu ile birlikte 0.96 EU/mL’nin üstündeki kan endotoksin düzeyine sahip endotoksemik köpeklerde akut endometritis, akut metritis veya subakut metritis sonucu ölüm görülmesinin muhtemel olabileceği kanısına varıldı. Bu parametreler, pyometralı köpeklerde iyi bir prognostik belirteçler olarak kullanılabilir.
Anahtar Kelime: Konular:
Belge Türü: Makale Makale Türü: Araştırma Makalesi Erişim Türü: Erişime Açık
- Chatterjee I, Iredell JR, Woods M, Lipman J: The implications of enterococci for the intensive care unit. Crit Care Resusc, 9 (1): 69-75, 2007.
- Sierig G, Cywes C, Wessels MR, Ashbaugh CD: Cytotoxic effects of streptolysin o and streptolysin s enhance the virulence of poorly encapsulated group a streptococci. Infect Immun, 71 (1): 446-455, 2003. DOI: 10.1128/IAI.71.1.446-455.2003
- Spaulding AR, Salgado-Pabón W, Kohler PL, Horswill AR, Leung DYM, Schlieverta PM: Staphylococcal and streptococcal superantigen exotoxins. Clin Microbiol Rev, 26, 422-447, 2013. DOI: 10.1128/CMR.00104-12
- Vehmas-Ali T, Sandholm M: Balance between bacteria and host - the bacteria’s point of view. In, Sandholm M, Honkanen-Buzalski T, Kaartinen L, Pyörälä S (Eds): The Bovine Udder and Mastitis, 49-58, Finland: Gummerus Kirjapaino Oy, Jyväskylä, 1995.
- Toydemir Karabulut TSF, Inal Gültekin G, Ateş A, Turna Yilmaz Ö, Enginler SÖ, Kirşan I, Erdoğan Bamaç Ö, Arun SS, Demirtaş B: Effects of pyometra on some oxidative stress parameters, inflammatory mediators and neutrophil segmentation in bitches. Kafkas Univ Vet Fak Derg, 22, 837-846, 2016. DOI: 10.9775/kvfd.2016.15443
- Wernicki A, Krzyzanowski J, Puchalski A: Characterization of Escherichia coli strains associated with canine pyometra. Pol J Vet Sci, 5, 51-56, 2002.
- Hagman R, Kühn I: Escherichia coli strains isolated from the uterus and urinary bladder of bitches suffering from pyometra: Comparison by restriction enzyme digestion and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis. Vet Microbiol, 84, 143-153, 2002. DOI: 10.1016/S0378-1135(01)00449-7
- Bigliardi E, Parmigiani E, Cavirani S, Luppi A, Bonati L, Corradi A: Ultrasonography and cystic hyperplasia-pyometra complex in the bitch. Reprod Domest Anim, 39, 136-140, 2004. DOI: 10.1111/j.1439- 0531.2004.00489.x
- Demirel MA, Küplülü Ş: Investigation on the antiendotoxic effect of the combination of polymyxin E and ampicillin in dogs with endotoxic pyometra. Kafkas Univ Vet Fak Derg, 16, 313-318, 2010. DOI: 10.9775/ kvfd.2009.730
- Heiene R, Kristiansen V, Teige J, Jansen JH: Renal histomorphology in dogs with pyometra and control dogs, and long term clinical outcome with respect to signs of kidney disease. Acta Vet Scand, 49: 13, 2007. DOI: 10.1186/1751-0147-49-13
- Maddens B, Daminet S, Smets P, Meyer E: Escherichia coli pyometra induces transient glomerular and tubular dysfunction in dogs. J Vet Intern Med, 24, 1263-1270, 2010. DOI: 10.1111/j.1939-1676.2010.0603.x
- Feldman EC, Nelson RW: Cystic endometrial hyperplasiapyometra complex. In, Feldman EC, Nelson RW (Eds): Canine and Feline Endocrinology and Reproduction, 852-866, W.B. Saunders Co, USA, 2004.
- Chandra R, Villanueva E, Feketova E, Machiedo GW, Haskò G, Deitch EA, Spolarics Z: Endotoxemia down-regulates bone marrow lymphopoiesis but stimulates myelopoiesis: The effect of G6PD deficiency. J Leukoc Biol, 83, 1541-1550, 2008. DOI: 10.1189/jlb.1207838
- Hagman R, Kindahl H, Lagerstedt AS: Pyometra in bitches induces elevated plasma endotoxin and prostaglandin F2α metabolite levels. Acta Vet Scand, 47 (1): 55-68, 2006. DOI: 10.1186/1751-0147-47-55
- Jena B, Rao KS, Reddy KCS, Raghavender KBP: Comparative efficacy of various therapeutic protocols in the treatment of pyometra in bitches. Vet Med, 58 (5): 271-276, 2013
- Fransson BA: Ovaries and uterus. In, Tobias KM, Johnston SA (Eds): Veterinary Surgery: Small Animal: 2-Volume Set. Urogenital System, Section XI, Chapter 109, 1871-1891, Saunders Elsevier, 2012
- Bassessar V, Verma Y, Swamy M: Antibiogram of bacterial species isolated from canine pyometra. Vet World, 6 (8): 546-549, 2013. DOI: 10.5455/vetworld.2013.546-549
- Voorwald FA, Marchi FA, Villacis RAR, Alves CEF, Toniollo GH, Amorim RL, Drigo SA, Rogatto SR: Molecular expression profile reveals potential biomarkers and therapeutic targets in canine endometrial lesions. PLoS One, 10 (7): e0133894, 2015. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone. 0133894
- Dovc P, Kunej T, Williams GA: Genetics and Genomics of Reproductive Disorders. In, Jiang Z, Ott TL (Eds): Reproductive Genomics in Domestic Animals, Chapter 4, 67-97, Wiley-Blackwell, USA, 2010
- Ishiguro K, Baba E, Torii R, Tamada H, Kawate N, Hatoya S, Wijewardana V, Kumagai D, Sugiura K, Sawada T, Inaba T: Reduction of mucin-l gene expression associated with increased Escherichia coli adherence in the canine uterus in the early stage of dioestrus. Vet J, 173, 325-332, 2007. DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2005.11.009
- Kida K, Baba E, Torri R, Kawate N, Hatoya S, Wijewardana V, Sugiura K, Sawada T, Tamada H, Inaba T: Lactoferrin expression in the canine uterus during the estrous cycle and with pyometra. Theriogenology, 66, 1325-1333, 2006. DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2006.04.028
- Coggan JA, Melville PA, Motos de Oliveira C, Faustino M, Moreno AM, Benites NR: Microbiological and histopathological aspects of canine pyometra. Braz J Microbiol, 39 (3): 477-483, 2008. DOI: 10.1590/S1517- 83822008000300012
- Arora A, Sandford J, Browning GF, Sandy JR, Wright PJ: A model for cystic endometrial hyperplasia/pyometra complex in the bitch. Theriogenology, 66, 1530-1536, 2006. DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology. 2006.02.019
- Siqueira AK, Ribeiro MG, Leite D da S, Tiba MR, de Moura C, Lopes MD, Prestes NC, Salerno T, da Silva AV: Virulence factors in Escherichia coli strains isolated from urinary tract infection and pyometra cases and from feces of healthy dogs. Res Vet Sci, 86 (2): 206-210, 2009. DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2008.07.018
- Radwińska J, Domosławska A, Pomianowski A, Żarczyńska K, Jurczak A: Implications of blood coagulation and fibrinolytic disorders in severe endometritis-pyometra complex in bitches. Bull Vet Inst Pulawy, 56, 293-297, 2012. DOI: 10.2478/v10213-012-0053-x
- Tanja P, Barbara C, Kristina D, Pečar J, Alenka N, Butinar J: Haemostasis impairment in bitches with pyometra. Acta Vet-Beograd, 56: (5-6), 529-540, 2006. DOI: 10.2298/AVB0606529P
- Smith FO: Canine pyometra. Theriogenology, 66, 610-612, 2006. DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2006.04.023
- De Bosschere H, Ducatelle R, Vermeirsch H, Simoens, P, Coryn M: Estrogen-alpha and progesterone receptor expression in cystic endometrial hyperplasia and pyometra in the bitch. Anim Reprod Sci, 70, 251-259, 2002. DOI: 10.1016/S0378-4320(02)00013-1
- Bartel C, Tichy A, Schoenkypl S, Aurich C, Walter I: Effects of steroid hormones on differentiated glandular epithelial and stromal cells in a three dimensional cell culture model of the canine endometrium. BMC Vet Res, 9:86, 2013. DOI: 10.1186/1746-6148-9-86
- Ambrósio CE, Brolio MP, Martins DS, Morini JC, Carvalho AF, Miglino MA: Endometrial alterations, early placentation and maternal fetal interaction in carnivores. Rev Bras Reprod Anim, 35 (2): 217-228, 2011
- Hagman R, Kindahl H, Fransson BA, Bergström A, Ström Holst B, Lagerstedt AS: Differentiation between pyometra and cystic endometrial hyperplasia/mucometra in bitches by prostaglandin F2α metabolite analysis. Theriogenology, 66, 198-206, 2006. DOI: 10.1016/j. theriogenology.2005.11.002
- Van Cruchten S, Van den Broeck W, Simoens P, Lauwers H: Scanning electron microscopic changes of the canine uterine luminal surface during oestrus and late metoestrus. Reprod Domest Anim, 37 (3):121-126, 2002. DOI: 10.1046/j.1439-0531.2002.00347.x
- Bronwyn Crane M: Pyometra. In, Silverstein D, Hopper K (Eds): Small Animal Critical Care Medicine Part XIII: Urogenital Disorders Chapter 126, 2nd edn., 667-671, Saunders Elsevier, 2015.
- Sant’Anna MC, Giordano LGP, Flaiban KKMC, Muller EE, Martins MIM: Prognostic markers of canine pyometra. Arq Bras Med Vet Zootec, 66 (6): 1711-1717, 2014. DOI: 10.1590/1678-6859
- Gibson A, Dean R, Yates D, Stavisky J: A retrospective study of pyometra at five RSPCA hospitals in the UK: 1728 cases from 2006 to 2011. Vet Rec, 173, 396, 2013. DOI: 10.1136/vr.101514
- Jitpean S, Ström-Holst B, Emanuelson U, Höglund O, Pettersson A, Alneryd-Bull C, Hagman R: Outcome of pyometra in female dogs and predictors of peritonitis and prolonged postoperative hospitalization in surgically treated cases. BMC Vet Res, 10: 6, 2014. DOI: 10.1186/ 1746-6148-10-6
- 8. Jena B, Sadasiva Rao K, Reddy KCS, Raghavend KBP: Physiological and haematological parameters of bitches affected with pyometra. Vet World, 6 (7): 409-412, 2013. DOI: 10.5455/vetworld.2013.409-412
- Küplülü S, Vural MR, Demirel A, Polat M, Akcay A: The comparative evaluation of serum biochemical, haematological, bacteriological and clinical findings of dead and recovered bitches with pyometra in the postoperative process. Acta Vet-Beograd, 59 (2-3): 193-204, 2009. DOI: 10.2298/AVB0903193K
- 6. Ramachandran G: Gram-positive and gram-negative bacterial toxins in sepsis. Virulence, 5, 213-218, 2014. DOI: 10.4161/viru.27024
- 5. Sykes JE: Gram negative bacterial infections. In, Sykes JE (Ed): Canine and Feline Infectious Diseases. Part II Major infectious diseases and their etiologic agents. Section 2 Bacterial diseases, 355-364, Saunders Elsevier, 2013.
- Kempisty B, Bukowska D, Wozna M, Piotrowska H, Jackowska M, Zuraw A, Ciesiolka S, Antosik P, Maryniak H, Ociepa E, Porowski Sz, Brussow KP, Jaskowski JM, Nowicki M: Endometritis and pyometra in bitches: A review. Vet Med, 58 (6): 289-297, 2013
- Karlsson I, Hagman R, Guo Y, Humblot P, Wang L, Wernersson S: Pathogenic Escherichia coli and lipopolysaccharide enhance the expression of IL-8, CXCL5, and CXCL10 in canine endometrial stromal cells. Theriogenology, 84, 34-42, 2015. DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology. 2015.02.008
- Uçmak M, Tek Ç, Gündüz MC, Sabuncu A, Şenünver A, Bağcigil FA, Bakırel T: Optimum timing for operation in bitches with pyometra related to endotoxemia. Turk J Vet Anim Sci, 36 (1): 35-42, 2012. DOI: 10.3906/vet-1102-762
- Baithalu RK, Maharana BR, Mishra C, Sarangi L, Samal L: Canine pyometra. Vet World, 3 (7): 340-342, 2010
| APA | Demirel M, Atalay VURAL S, Vural M, KUTSAL O, GÜNEN Z, KÜPLÜLÜ Ş (2018). Clinical, Bacteriological, and Histopathological Aspects of Endotoxic Pyometra in Bitches. , 663 - 671. 10.9775/kvfd.2018.19675 |
| Chicago | Demirel Mürşide Ayşe,Atalay VURAL Sevil,Vural Mehmet Rıfat,KUTSAL Osman,GÜNEN Ziynet,KÜPLÜLÜ Şükrü Clinical, Bacteriological, and Histopathological Aspects of Endotoxic Pyometra in Bitches. (2018): 663 - 671. 10.9775/kvfd.2018.19675 |
| MLA | Demirel Mürşide Ayşe,Atalay VURAL Sevil,Vural Mehmet Rıfat,KUTSAL Osman,GÜNEN Ziynet,KÜPLÜLÜ Şükrü Clinical, Bacteriological, and Histopathological Aspects of Endotoxic Pyometra in Bitches. , 2018, ss.663 - 671. 10.9775/kvfd.2018.19675 |
| AMA | Demirel M,Atalay VURAL S,Vural M,KUTSAL O,GÜNEN Z,KÜPLÜLÜ Ş Clinical, Bacteriological, and Histopathological Aspects of Endotoxic Pyometra in Bitches. . 2018; 663 - 671. 10.9775/kvfd.2018.19675 |
| Vancouver | Demirel M,Atalay VURAL S,Vural M,KUTSAL O,GÜNEN Z,KÜPLÜLÜ Ş Clinical, Bacteriological, and Histopathological Aspects of Endotoxic Pyometra in Bitches. . 2018; 663 - 671. 10.9775/kvfd.2018.19675 |
| IEEE | Demirel M,Atalay VURAL S,Vural M,KUTSAL O,GÜNEN Z,KÜPLÜLÜ Ş "Clinical, Bacteriological, and Histopathological Aspects of Endotoxic Pyometra in Bitches." , ss.663 - 671, 2018. 10.9775/kvfd.2018.19675 |
| ISNAD | Demirel, Mürşide Ayşe vd. "Clinical, Bacteriological, and Histopathological Aspects of Endotoxic Pyometra in Bitches". (2018), 663-671. https://doi.org/10.9775/kvfd.2018.19675 |
| APA | Demirel M, Atalay VURAL S, Vural M, KUTSAL O, GÜNEN Z, KÜPLÜLÜ Ş (2018). Clinical, Bacteriological, and Histopathological Aspects of Endotoxic Pyometra in Bitches. Kafkas Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Dergisi, 24(5), 663 - 671. 10.9775/kvfd.2018.19675 |
| Chicago | Demirel Mürşide Ayşe,Atalay VURAL Sevil,Vural Mehmet Rıfat,KUTSAL Osman,GÜNEN Ziynet,KÜPLÜLÜ Şükrü Clinical, Bacteriological, and Histopathological Aspects of Endotoxic Pyometra in Bitches. Kafkas Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Dergisi 24, no.5 (2018): 663 - 671. 10.9775/kvfd.2018.19675 |
| MLA | Demirel Mürşide Ayşe,Atalay VURAL Sevil,Vural Mehmet Rıfat,KUTSAL Osman,GÜNEN Ziynet,KÜPLÜLÜ Şükrü Clinical, Bacteriological, and Histopathological Aspects of Endotoxic Pyometra in Bitches. Kafkas Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Dergisi, vol.24, no.5, 2018, ss.663 - 671. 10.9775/kvfd.2018.19675 |
| AMA | Demirel M,Atalay VURAL S,Vural M,KUTSAL O,GÜNEN Z,KÜPLÜLÜ Ş Clinical, Bacteriological, and Histopathological Aspects of Endotoxic Pyometra in Bitches. Kafkas Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Dergisi. 2018; 24(5): 663 - 671. 10.9775/kvfd.2018.19675 |
| Vancouver | Demirel M,Atalay VURAL S,Vural M,KUTSAL O,GÜNEN Z,KÜPLÜLÜ Ş Clinical, Bacteriological, and Histopathological Aspects of Endotoxic Pyometra in Bitches. Kafkas Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Dergisi. 2018; 24(5): 663 - 671. 10.9775/kvfd.2018.19675 |
| IEEE | Demirel M,Atalay VURAL S,Vural M,KUTSAL O,GÜNEN Z,KÜPLÜLÜ Ş "Clinical, Bacteriological, and Histopathological Aspects of Endotoxic Pyometra in Bitches." Kafkas Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Dergisi, 24, ss.663 - 671, 2018. 10.9775/kvfd.2018.19675 |
| ISNAD | Demirel, Mürşide Ayşe vd. "Clinical, Bacteriological, and Histopathological Aspects of Endotoxic Pyometra in Bitches". Kafkas Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Dergisi 24/5 (2018), 663-671. https://doi.org/10.9775/kvfd.2018.19675 |
