Yıl: 2019 Cilt: 9 Sayı: 4 Sayfa Aralığı: 115 - 132 Metin Dili: İngilizce DOI: 10.12658/M0323 İndeks Tarihi: 18-04-2020

Values and Violence Endorsement Among College Students in Turkey

Öz:
This study examines the impact of values on approval of violence. Data was collected from university students with a stratified random sample. The results showed that violence endorsement has a statistically significant positive correlation with tradition, stimulation and power values, whereas universalism,security, conformity, and benevolence values have negative correlations with violence endorsement. The approval of violence did not have any significant relationship with self-direction, hedonism and achievementvalues. The effects of violence exposure and gender on violence approval were also examined and both weredetermined to be highly influential. However, the main theme of the research was the effect of values onviolence endorsement. Multiple regression analysis showed that the most important predictor values areuniversalism, stimulation, tradition and power values. The absolute antidotes to violence were the universalvalues of equality, wisdom, peace, tolerance and nature conservation etc. Greater importance given to theseuniversal values in education policies could help to reduce the endorsement of violence..
Anahtar Kelime:

Konular: Sosyoloji

-

Öz:
Bu çalışma, şiddetin onaylanmasında değerlerin etkisini incelemektedir. Data, tabakalı-tesadüfi örneklem yöntemiyle üniversite öğrencilerinden toplanmıştır. Sonuçlar, şiddetin onaylanması ile gelenek, teşvik ve güç değerleri arasında istatistiksel olarak önemli düzeyde pozitif bir korelasyon, buna karşılık şiddetin onaylanması ile evrensellik, güvenlik, uyum ve hayırseverlik arasında negatif bir korelasyon olduğunu göstermektedir. Şiddetin onaylanması ile öz-yönelim (özerklik), hazcılık ve başarı değerleri arasında anlamlı bir ilişki bulunmamıştır. Şiddetin onaylanmasında cinsiyetin ve şiddete maruz kalmanın etkisi de incelenmiş ve ikisinin de oldukça etkili olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Ancak bu araştırmanın ana konusu şiddetin onaylanmasında değerlerin etkisinin araştırılmasıdır. Çoklu regresyon analizi, en önemli yordayıcıların evrensellik, uyarım, gelenek ve güç olduğunu göstermektedir. Şiddetin panzehri ise eşitlik, bilgelik, barış, çevreyi korumak ve hoşgörü gibi evrensel değerlerdir. Eğitim politikalarında evrensel değerlere önem verilmesi, şiddetin onaylanmasını azaltabilir.
Anahtar Kelime:

Konular: Sosyoloji
Belge Türü: Makale Makale Türü: Araştırma Makalesi Erişim Türü: Erişime Açık
  • Almond, G., & Verba, S. (1963). The Civic Culture: Political Attitudes and Democracy in Five Nations. Sage Publications Inc.
  • Annagur, B. (2010). Sağlık çalışanlarına yönelik şiddet: Risk faktörleri, etkileri, değerlendirilmesi ve önlenmesi. Psikiyatride Güncel Yaklaşımlar, 2(2).
  • Avci, Ö. H., & Yildirim, İ. (2014). Ergenlerde şiddet eğilimi, yalnızlık ve sosyal destek. Hacettepe Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, 29(29–31).
  • Ayan, S. (2007). Aile içinde şiddete uğrayan çocukların saldırganlık eğilimleri. Anadolu Psikiyatri Dergisi, 8(3), 206–214.
  • Ball-Rokeach, S. J. (1973). Values and violence: A test of the subculture of violence thesis. American Sociological Review, 736–749.
  • Baron, S. W., Kennedy, L. W., & Forde, D. R. (2001). Male street youths’ conflict: The role of background, subcultural, and situational factors. Justice Quarterly, 18(4), 759–789.
  • Battaloğlu-İnanç, B., Çifçi, S., & Değer, V. (2013). Mardin ili ilköğretim okulu öğrencilerinin fiziksel şiddete maruziyetleri ve yaklaşımları. Türk Pediatri Arşivi, 48(3).
  • Bernburg, J. G., & Thorlindsson, T. (2005). Violent values, conduct norms, and youth aggression: A multilevel study in Iceland. The Sociological Quarterly, 46(3), 457–478.
  • Bozkurt, V. (2017). Değişen Dünyada Sosyoloji. Ekin Kitabevi, Bursa.
  • Bozkurt, V. (2018). Values in Turkey, in The Modernizing Process in Turkey, Edit.H. Karakus, Nomos, Germany.
  • Bozkurt, V., Tartanoğlu, S., & Dawes, G. (2015). Masculinity and violence: Sex roles and violence endorsement among university students. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 205, 254–260.
  • Brown, D. W. (2008). Economic value of disability-adjusted life years lost to violence: estimates for WHO Member States. Revista Panamericana de Salud Publica, 24(3), 203–209.
  • Çakmak, M. N., & Çelik, V. O. (2016). Futbolda şiddet ve erkeklik: Nefer taraftar grubu örneği, Sosyoloji Konferanslari/ Istanbul Journal of Sociological Studies, 54(2), 299–331.
  • Campbell, A. (2006). Sex differences in direct aggression: What are the psychological mediators?. Aggression and Violent Behavior, 11(3), 237–264.
  • Cheney, G. (2013), Values, in Sociology of Work: An Encyclopedia / Edited by V. Smith, SAGE Publications.
  • Connell, R. W. (1996). Teaching the boys: New research on masculinity, and gender strategies for. Teachers College Record, 98(2), 206–235.
  • Contreras, L., & Cano, M. C. (2016). Social competence and child-to-parent violence: Analyzing the role of the emotional intelligence, social attitudes, and personal values. Deviant Behavior, 37(2), 115–125.
  • Eagleman, D. (2015). The brain: The story of you. Vintage.
  • Edwards, T. (2006). Cultures and masculinities. New York: Routledge. Fichter, J., (1996). Sosyoloji nedir?, Attila Kitabevi.
  • Gelles, R. J., & Straus, M. A. (1979). Determinants of violence in the family: Toward a theoretical integration. pp. 549–581 in Contemporary Theories about the Family, edited by Wesley R. Burr et. al. New York: Free Press.
  • Girard, R. (2003). Şiddet ve Kutsal. Tr. N. Alpay, Kanat.
  • Göka, E. (2008). Türklerin Psikolojisi. Timaş Yayınları, İstanbul.
  • Güleç, H., Topaloğlu, M., Ünsal, D., & Altıntaş, M. (2012). Bir kısır döngü olarak şiddet. Psikiyatride Güncel Yaklaşımlar, 4(1).
  • Heimer, K. (1997). Socioeconomic status, subcultural definitions, and violent delinquency. Social Forces, 75(3), 799–833.
  • Hofstede, G. (2003). Culture’s Consequences: Comparing values, behaviors, institutions and organizations across nations. Sage publications.
  • Inkeles, A., & Smith D. H. (1974). Becoming Modern: Individual Change in Six Developing Countries. Cambridge: Harvard Univ Press.
  • Karstedt, S. (2006). Democracy, values, and violence: Paradoxes, tensions, and comparative advantages of liberal inclusion. The Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, 605(1), 50–81.
  • Keltner, D., Van Kleef, G. A., Chen, S., & Kraus, M. W. (2008). A reciprocal influence model of social power: Emerging principles and lines of inquiry. Advances in Experimental Social Psychology, 40, 151–192.
  • Kimmel, M. (2004).Violence in Men and Masculinities: A social, cultural, and historical encyclopedia, Edited by Michael Kimmel and Amy Aronson, Abc-clio Publications.
  • Kimmel, M. S., & Mahler, M. (2003). Adolescent masculinity, homophobia, and violence: Random school shootings, 1982-2001. American Behavioral Scientist, 46(10), 1439–1458.
  • Knafo, A., Daniel, E., & Khoury‐Kassabri, M. (2008). Values as protective factors against violent behavior in Jewish and Arab high schools in Israel. Child Development, 79(3), 652–667.
  • Krug, E. G., Mercy, J. A., Dahlberg, L. L., & Zwi, A. B. (2002). The world report on violence and health. The Lancet, 360(9339), 1083–1088.
  • Kubrin, C. E., & Weitzer, R. (2003). Retaliatory homicide: Concentrated disadvantage and neighborhood culture. Social Problems, 50(2), 157–180.
  • Lafrance, M. (2004). Psychoanalysis. Men and masculinities: A social, cultural, and historical encyclopedia. Edited by Michael Kimmel and Amy Aronson, Abc-clio Publications. ABC-CLIO.
  • Lee, M. R., & Ousey, G. C. (2011). Reconsidering the culture and violence connection: Strategies of action in the rural south. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 26(5), 899–929.
  • Luckenbill, D. F., & Doyle, D. P. (1989). Structural position and violence: Developing a cultural explanation. Criminology, 27(3), 419–436.
  • Magura, S. (1975). Is there a subculture of violence?. American Sociological Review, 40(6), 831–836.
  • Markowitz, F. E., & Felson, R. B. (1998). Social‐demographic attitudes and violence. Criminology, 36(1), 117–138.
  • McGloin, J., Schreck, C. J., Stewart, E. A., & Ousey, G. C. (2011). Predicting the violent offender: The discriminant validity of the subculture of violence. Criminology, 49(3), 767–794.
  • Mills, M. (2001). Boys and violence in schools: Everybody’s business. Education Views, 16.
  • Moore, T. (2001). Sex roles, in The Gale encyclopedia of psychology Edited by Bonnie R. Strickland, 2nd ed., pp. 578–581.
  • Muggleton, D. (2007). Subculture in Blackwell encyclopedia of sociology, Edited by G. Ritzer, Malden: Blackwell.
  • Mulvihill, D. J. Tumin, M. M., & Curtis, L. A. (1970). Crimes of violence: a staff report submitted to the National Commission on the Causes & Prevention of Violence (Vol. 3). For sale by the Supt. of Docs., US Govt. Print. Off.
  • Nietzsche, F. (1968). The will to power. W. Kaufmann & R. J. Hollingdale (Trans.). New York, NY: Vintage.
  • Özgür, G., Yörükoğlu, G., & Baysan-Arabacı, L. (2011). Lise öğrencilerinin şiddet algıları, şiddet eğilim düzeyleri ve etkileyen faktörler. Psikiyatri Hemşireliği Dergisi, 2(2), 53–60.
  • Pope, M., & Englar-Carlson, M. (2001). Fathers and sons: The relationship between violence and masculinity. The Family Journal, 9(4), 367–374.
  • Rodriguez Martinez, P., & Khalil, H. (2017). Changing values: Attitudes about intimate partner violence in immigrants and natives in five Western countries. Deviant Behavior, 38(3), 241–253.
  • Rokeach, M. (1973). The Nature of Human Values. New York: The Free Press
  • Rokeach, M. (1979). From individual to institutional values: With special reference to the values of science. Understanding human values, 47, 70.
  • Rubenser, L. (2007). Actors influencing reporting behavior by male domestic violence victims. Encyclopedia of Domestic Violence, 308–314.
  • Ryckman, R. M., & Houston, D. M. (2003). Value priorities in American and British female and male university students. The Journal of Social Psychology, 143(1), 127–138.
  • Schwartz, S. H. (1992). Universals in the content and structure of values: Theoretical advances and empirical tests in 20 countries. Advances in Experimental Social Psychology, 25, 1–65.
  • Schwartz, S. H. (1994). Are there universal aspects in the structure and contents of human values?. Journal of Social Issues, 50(4), 19–45.
  • Schwartz, S. H. (2006). A theory of cultural value orientations: Explication and applications. Comparative Sociology, 5(2), 137–182.
  • Schwartz, S. H. (2007). Universalism values and the inclusiveness of our moral universe. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 38(6), 711–728.
  • Schwartz, S. H., & Bilsky, W. (1987). Toward a theory of the universal content and structure of values: Extensions and cross-cultural replications. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 58(5), 878.
  • Schwartz, S. H., & Boehnke, K. (2004). Evaluating the structure of human values with confirmatory factor analysis. Journal of Research in Personality, 38(3), 230–255.
  • Sennett, R. (1996). Kamusal insanın çöküşü, Çev. Durak, S. ve Yılmaz, A., Ayrıntı Yayınları, Istanbul.
  • Smith, M. D. (1979). Hockey violence: A test of the violent subculture hypothesis. Social Problems, 27(2), 235–247.
  • Smith, D. H., & Inkeles, A. (1966). The OM Scale: A Comparative Socio-Psychological Measure of Individual Modernity. Sociometry, 29(4), 353–377.
  • Stewart, E. A., & Simons, R. L. (2010). Race, code of the street, and violent delinquency: A multilevel investigation of neighborhood street culture and individual norms of violence. Criminology, 48(2), 569–605.
  • Sundberg, R. (2014). Violent values: Exploring the relationship between human values and violent attitudes. Peace and Conflict: Journal of Peace Psychology, 20(1), 68.
  • Trotha, T. V. (2007). Violence. In Ritzer (Ed.) The Balckwell Encyclopedia of Sociology (Vol. 6, p. 5201).
  • Williams Jr., R. M. (1979). Change and stability in values and value systems: A sociological perspective. Understanding Human Values, 15–46.
  • Wolfgang, M. E., Ferracuti, F., & Mannheim, H. (1967). The subculture of violence: Towards an integrated theory in criminology (Vol. 16). London: Tavistock Publications.
APA Bozkurt V, Gülerce H (2019). Values and Violence Endorsement Among College Students in Turkey. , 115 - 132. 10.12658/M0323
Chicago Bozkurt Veysel,Gülerce Hakan Values and Violence Endorsement Among College Students in Turkey. (2019): 115 - 132. 10.12658/M0323
MLA Bozkurt Veysel,Gülerce Hakan Values and Violence Endorsement Among College Students in Turkey. , 2019, ss.115 - 132. 10.12658/M0323
AMA Bozkurt V,Gülerce H Values and Violence Endorsement Among College Students in Turkey. . 2019; 115 - 132. 10.12658/M0323
Vancouver Bozkurt V,Gülerce H Values and Violence Endorsement Among College Students in Turkey. . 2019; 115 - 132. 10.12658/M0323
IEEE Bozkurt V,Gülerce H "Values and Violence Endorsement Among College Students in Turkey." , ss.115 - 132, 2019. 10.12658/M0323
ISNAD Bozkurt, Veysel - Gülerce, Hakan. "Values and Violence Endorsement Among College Students in Turkey". (2019), 115-132. https://doi.org/10.12658/M0323
APA Bozkurt V, Gülerce H (2019). Values and Violence Endorsement Among College Students in Turkey. İnsan & Toplum, 9(4), 115 - 132. 10.12658/M0323
Chicago Bozkurt Veysel,Gülerce Hakan Values and Violence Endorsement Among College Students in Turkey. İnsan & Toplum 9, no.4 (2019): 115 - 132. 10.12658/M0323
MLA Bozkurt Veysel,Gülerce Hakan Values and Violence Endorsement Among College Students in Turkey. İnsan & Toplum, vol.9, no.4, 2019, ss.115 - 132. 10.12658/M0323
AMA Bozkurt V,Gülerce H Values and Violence Endorsement Among College Students in Turkey. İnsan & Toplum. 2019; 9(4): 115 - 132. 10.12658/M0323
Vancouver Bozkurt V,Gülerce H Values and Violence Endorsement Among College Students in Turkey. İnsan & Toplum. 2019; 9(4): 115 - 132. 10.12658/M0323
IEEE Bozkurt V,Gülerce H "Values and Violence Endorsement Among College Students in Turkey." İnsan & Toplum, 9, ss.115 - 132, 2019. 10.12658/M0323
ISNAD Bozkurt, Veysel - Gülerce, Hakan. "Values and Violence Endorsement Among College Students in Turkey". İnsan & Toplum 9/4 (2019), 115-132. https://doi.org/10.12658/M0323