Yıl: 2020 Cilt: 20 Sayı: 2 Sayfa Aralığı: 337 - 347 Metin Dili: İngilizce DOI: 10.5505/amj.2020.67689 İndeks Tarihi: 05-11-2020

DEVELOPMENT OF PROBLEMATIC SMARTPHONE USAGE SCALE (PSUS)

Öz:
Objectives: The aim of the study was to develop a scale that, by taking intensity of use into account, can beused to identify problematic smartphone usage. The reliability and validity of the proposed scale were alsoevaluated and it may be used in further epidemiological studies.Materials and Methods: Participants of the study consisted of 1492 students at Eskisehir OsmangaziUniversity, Turkey in 2016. The questionnaire included questions about the sociodemographic characteristicsof the participants, the self-evaluation of smartphone addiction, and smartphone usage intensities andSmartphone Addiction Scale-Short Version.Results: Participants of the study consisted of 1492 students aged 18-24, 48.26 % (n = 720) female, 51.74 %(n = 772) male. In order to develop the scale, all questions that are present in the current scale, namedSmartphone Addiction Scale-Short Version, and questions about the intensity of smartphone usage were takeninto exploratory factor analysis. As a result, the 10-item Problematic Smartphone Usage Scale was developed.The result of the exploratory factor analysis revealed that the scale had a three-factor structure consisting ofusage intensity, daily life disturbance and withdrawal. The three factors explained 63.36 % of the total variance.As a result of the reliability analysis, Cronbach’s alpha coefficient of the scale was 0.81. Confirmatory factoranalysis also confirmed the three-factor structure of the scale.Conclusion: As a result, the Problematic Smartphone Usage Scale is seen as a valid, reliable and effective scalefor assessing problematic smartphone usage.
Anahtar Kelime:

PROBLEMLİ AKILLI TELEFON KULLANIM ÖLÇEĞİNİN GELİŞTİRİLMESİ

Öz:
Amaç: Çalışmanın amacı, kullanım yoğunluğunu dikkate alarak, problemli akıllı telefon kullanımını belirlemek için kullanılabilecek bir ölçek geliştirmekti. Önerilen ölçeğin güvenilirliği ve geçerliliği de değerlendirilerek, ileri epidemiyolojik çalışmalarda kullanılabilmesi amaçlandı. Materyal ve Metot: Çalışmaya katılanlar 2016 yılında Eskişehir Osmangazi Üniversitesi'nde öğrenim gören 1492 öğrenciden oluşmuştur. Anket formu katılımcıların sosyodemografik özellikleri, akıllı telefon bağımlılığının öznel değerlendirmesi, akıllı telefon kullanım yoğunluğu ile ilgili sorular ve Akıllı Telefon Bağımlılığı Ölçeği Kısa Formu’nu içermektedir. Bulgular: Araştırmaya katılanlar 18-24 yaş grubunda %48,26'sı (n = 720) kadın, %51,74'ü (n = 772) erkek olmak üzere 1492 öğrenciden, oluşmaktadır. Ölçeğin geliştirilmesi için Akıllı Telefon Bağımlılığı Ölçeği - Kısa Formu adlı ölçekte bulunan tüm sorular ve akıllı telefon kullanım yoğunluğu ile ilgili sorular açımlayıcı faktör analizine alınmıştır. Sonuç olarak, 10 maddelik Problemli Akıllı Telefon Kullanım Ölçeği geliştirilmiştir. Açımlayıcı faktör analizi sonucunda ölçeğin kullanım yoğunluğu, günlük yaşamda bozulma ve çekilme olmak üzere üç faktörlü bir yapıda olduğu ortaya çıkmıştır. Üç faktör toplam varyansın %63,36 'sını açıkladı. Güvenirlik analizi sonucunda, ölçeğin Cronbach alfa katsayısı 0.81'dir. Ayrıca doğrulayıcı faktör analizi ölçeğin üç faktörlü yapısını doğrulamıştır. Sonuç: Sonuç olarak Problemli Akıllı Telefon Kullanım Ölçeğinin, problemli akıllı telefon kullanımını değerlendirmek için geçerli, güvenilir ve etkili bir ölçek olduğu bulundu.
Anahtar Kelime:

Belge Türü: Makale Makale Türü: Araştırma Makalesi Erişim Türü: Erişime Açık
  • 1. Statista. Number of Smartphone Users Worldwide from 2014 to 2020. https://www.statista.com/statistics/330695/number-of-smartphone-users-worldwide/. (Access Date: 25.10.2019).
  • 2. Turkish Statistical Institute. Household Information Technology Use Survey, 2019. http://www.tuik.gov.tr/PreTablo.do?alt_id=1028. (Access Date: 25.10.2019).
  • 3. Gokcearslan S, Mumcu FK, Haslaman T, Cevik YD. Modelling smartphone addiction: The role of smartphone usage, self-regulation, general self-efficacy and cyberloafing in university students. Comput Human Behav 2016;63:639-49.
  • 4. Samaha M, Hawi NS. Relationships among smartphone addiction, stress, academic performance, and satisfaction with life. Comput Human Behav 2016;57:321-5.
  • 5. American Psychiatric Association. Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorder, 5th Edition. Washington DC: American Psychiatric Association, 2013.
  • 6. Kim D, Lee Y, Lee J, Nam JK, Chung Y. Development of Korean smartphone addiction proneness scale for youth. PLoS One 2014;9(5):e97920.
  • 7. Kwon M, Kim D-J, Cho H, Yang S. The smartphone addiction scale: development and validation of a short version for adolescents. PLoS One 2013;8(12):e83558.
  • 8. Kwon M, Lee J-Y, Won W-Y, Park J-W, Min J-A, Hahn C, et al. Development and validation of a smartphone addiction scale (SAS). PLoS One 2013;8(2):e56936.
  • 9. Lin Y-H, Chang L-R, Lee Y-H, Tseng H-W, Kuo TB, Chen S-H. Development and validation of the Smartphone Addiction Inventory (SPAI). PLoS One 2014;9(6):e98312.
  • 10. Haug S, Castro RP, Kwon M, Filler A, Kowatsch T, Schaub MP. Smartphone use and smartphone addiction among young people in Switzerland. J Behav Addict 2015;4(4):299-307.
  • 11. Lee B, Kim S-W, Kim Y-J, Bae J-Y, Woo S-K, Woo H-N, Lee S-M, Lee S-Y, Jung M-G, Choi G-E. The relationship between smartphone usage time and physical and mental health of university students. Journal of the Korean Society of School Health 2013;26(1):45-53.
  • 12. Lee H, Ahn H, Choi S, Choi W. The SAMS: Smartphone addiction management system and verification. J Med Syst 2014;38(1):1.
  • 13. Lin Y-H, Lin Y-C, Lee Y-H, Lin P-H, Lin S-H, Chang L-R, Tseng H-W, Yen L-Y, Yang C-CH, Kuo T-BJ. Time distortion associated with smartphone addiction: Identifying smartphone addiction via a mobile application (App). Journal of Psychiatric Research 2015;65:139-45.
  • 14. Noyan CO, Enez Darcin A, Nurmedov S, Yilmaz O, Dilbaz N. Validity and reliability of the Turkish version of the Smartphone Addiction Scale-Short Version among university students. Anatolian Journal Of Psychiatry 2015;16:73-81.
  • 15. Yilmaz E, Griffiths MD, Kan A. Development and Validation of Videogame Addiction Scale for Children (VASC). Int J Ment Health Addict 2017;15(4):869-82.
  • 16. Arikan İ, Metintas S, Kalyoncu C, Yıldız Z. The Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors Knowledge Level (CARRFKL) Scale: a validity and reliability study. Turk Kardiyol Dern Ars 2009;37(1):35-40.
  • 17. Doi Y, Minowa M. Factor structure of the 12‐item General Health Questionnaire in the Japanese general adult population. Psychiatry Clin. Neurosci 2003;57(4):379-83.
  • 18. Hooper D, Coughlan J, Mullen M. Structural equation modelling: Guidelines for determining model fit. Electronic Journal of Business Research Methods, 6(1) :53-60.
  • 19. MacCallum RC, Browne MW, Sugawara HM. Power analysis and determination of sample size for covariance structure modeling. Psychological methods 1996;1(2):130.
  • 20. Hu Lt, Bentler PM. Cutoff criteria for fit indexes in covariance structure analysis: Conventional criteria versus new alternatives. Structural Equation Modeling: A Multidisciplinary Journal 1999;6(1):1-55.
  • 21. Heatherton TF, Kozlowski LT, Frecker RC, Fagerstrom KO. The Fagerström test for nicotine dependence: a revision of the Fagerstrom Tolerance Questionnaire. Br J Addict 1991;86(9):1119-27.
  • 22. Fagerstrom K. Time to first cigarette; the best single indicator of tobacco dependence? Monaldi Arch Chest Dis 2003;59(1):91-4.
  • 23. Grant JE, Potenza MN, Weinstein A, Gorelick DA. Introduction to behavioral addictions. Am J Drug Alcohol Abuse 2010;36(5):233-41.
  • 24. Tran D. Classifying Nomophobia as Smart-Phone Addiction Disorder. UC Merced Undergraduate Research Journal. 2016;9(1).
  • 25. Gladwin TE, Figner B, Crone EA, Wiers RW. Addiction, adolescence, and the integration of control and motivation. Dev Cogn Neurosci 2011;1(4):364-76.
  • 26. Demirci K, Orhan H, Demirdas A, Akpinar A, Sert H. Validity and reliability of the Turkish Version of the Smartphone Addiction Scale in a younger population. Klinik Psikofarmakol Bülteni 2014;24(3):226-34.
APA Akbulut Zencirci S, göktaş s, Aygar H, Onsuz M, Alaiye M, Metintas S (2020). DEVELOPMENT OF PROBLEMATIC SMARTPHONE USAGE SCALE (PSUS). , 337 - 347. 10.5505/amj.2020.67689
Chicago Akbulut Zencirci Sevil,göktaş saniye,Aygar Hatice,Onsuz Muhammed Fatih,Alaiye Melike,Metintas Selma DEVELOPMENT OF PROBLEMATIC SMARTPHONE USAGE SCALE (PSUS). (2020): 337 - 347. 10.5505/amj.2020.67689
MLA Akbulut Zencirci Sevil,göktaş saniye,Aygar Hatice,Onsuz Muhammed Fatih,Alaiye Melike,Metintas Selma DEVELOPMENT OF PROBLEMATIC SMARTPHONE USAGE SCALE (PSUS). , 2020, ss.337 - 347. 10.5505/amj.2020.67689
AMA Akbulut Zencirci S,göktaş s,Aygar H,Onsuz M,Alaiye M,Metintas S DEVELOPMENT OF PROBLEMATIC SMARTPHONE USAGE SCALE (PSUS). . 2020; 337 - 347. 10.5505/amj.2020.67689
Vancouver Akbulut Zencirci S,göktaş s,Aygar H,Onsuz M,Alaiye M,Metintas S DEVELOPMENT OF PROBLEMATIC SMARTPHONE USAGE SCALE (PSUS). . 2020; 337 - 347. 10.5505/amj.2020.67689
IEEE Akbulut Zencirci S,göktaş s,Aygar H,Onsuz M,Alaiye M,Metintas S "DEVELOPMENT OF PROBLEMATIC SMARTPHONE USAGE SCALE (PSUS)." , ss.337 - 347, 2020. 10.5505/amj.2020.67689
ISNAD Akbulut Zencirci, Sevil vd. "DEVELOPMENT OF PROBLEMATIC SMARTPHONE USAGE SCALE (PSUS)". (2020), 337-347. https://doi.org/10.5505/amj.2020.67689
APA Akbulut Zencirci S, göktaş s, Aygar H, Onsuz M, Alaiye M, Metintas S (2020). DEVELOPMENT OF PROBLEMATIC SMARTPHONE USAGE SCALE (PSUS). Ankara Medical Journal, 20(2), 337 - 347. 10.5505/amj.2020.67689
Chicago Akbulut Zencirci Sevil,göktaş saniye,Aygar Hatice,Onsuz Muhammed Fatih,Alaiye Melike,Metintas Selma DEVELOPMENT OF PROBLEMATIC SMARTPHONE USAGE SCALE (PSUS). Ankara Medical Journal 20, no.2 (2020): 337 - 347. 10.5505/amj.2020.67689
MLA Akbulut Zencirci Sevil,göktaş saniye,Aygar Hatice,Onsuz Muhammed Fatih,Alaiye Melike,Metintas Selma DEVELOPMENT OF PROBLEMATIC SMARTPHONE USAGE SCALE (PSUS). Ankara Medical Journal, vol.20, no.2, 2020, ss.337 - 347. 10.5505/amj.2020.67689
AMA Akbulut Zencirci S,göktaş s,Aygar H,Onsuz M,Alaiye M,Metintas S DEVELOPMENT OF PROBLEMATIC SMARTPHONE USAGE SCALE (PSUS). Ankara Medical Journal. 2020; 20(2): 337 - 347. 10.5505/amj.2020.67689
Vancouver Akbulut Zencirci S,göktaş s,Aygar H,Onsuz M,Alaiye M,Metintas S DEVELOPMENT OF PROBLEMATIC SMARTPHONE USAGE SCALE (PSUS). Ankara Medical Journal. 2020; 20(2): 337 - 347. 10.5505/amj.2020.67689
IEEE Akbulut Zencirci S,göktaş s,Aygar H,Onsuz M,Alaiye M,Metintas S "DEVELOPMENT OF PROBLEMATIC SMARTPHONE USAGE SCALE (PSUS)." Ankara Medical Journal, 20, ss.337 - 347, 2020. 10.5505/amj.2020.67689
ISNAD Akbulut Zencirci, Sevil vd. "DEVELOPMENT OF PROBLEMATIC SMARTPHONE USAGE SCALE (PSUS)". Ankara Medical Journal 20/2 (2020), 337-347. https://doi.org/10.5505/amj.2020.67689