Diagnosis, treatment and prevention of infective endocarditis: Turkish consensus report-2019

Infective endocarditis (IE) is a rare but still important as an infectious disease due to high rate of morbidity and substantial mortality. Although IE is not a notifiabledisease in Turkey, and an incidence study has not beenperformed, the incidence may be higher than that in thedeveloped countries due to frequent predisposing cardiacconditions and higher rates of nosocomial bacteremia,which may lead to IE in risk groups. IE generally affects theelderly in developed countries but it is frequently encountered among young individuals in Turkey. In order to reducemortality and morbidity, it is critical to diagnose IE, to determine the causative agent, and to start treatment rapidly.Most patients cannot be diagnosed at the first visit, abouthalf can be diagnosed after 3 months, and the disease often goes unnoticed. In patients diagnosed with IE, the rateof the identification of a causative organism is significantlylower in Turkey than that in developed countries. Some important microbiological diagnostic tests are not performedin most centers and several antimicrobials that are recommended as the first option for the treatment particularly antistaphylococcal penicillins, are unavailable in Turkey. These problems necessitate reviewing the epidemiological,laboratory, and clinical characteristics of IE in our country,as well as the current information about its diagnosis, treatment, and prevention together with local data. The diagnosis and treatment processes of IE should be standardizedat every stage so that the management can be conductedin a setting in which physicians of various specialties areinvolved and is consistent with the current recommendations. The Study Group for Infective Endocarditis and OtherCardiovascular Infections of the Turkish Society of ClinicalMicrobiology and Infectious Diseases called for the collaboration of the relevant specialist organizations to establisha consensus report on the diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of IE in the context of current information and localdata in Turkey.

Anahtar Kelime:

nfektif endokarditin tanısı, tedavisi ve önlenmesi: Ulusal uzlaşı raporu-2019

Öz:

İnfektif endokardit (İE) nadir görülmesine karşın, yol açtığı morbiditeler ve yüksek mortalite hızı nedeniyle halen önemini koruyan bir infeksiyon hastalığıdır. Türkiye’de İE’nin bildirimi zorunlu bir hastalık olmamasına ve yapılmış bir insidans çalışması bulunmamasına karşın, gerek İE yatkınlığını artıran durumların, gerekse riskli hastalarda İE ile sonuçlanabilen nozokomiyal bakteriyemi oranlarının daha fazla olması nedeniyle, ülkemizdeki İE insidansının daha yüksek olması beklenir. Gelişmiş ülkelerde genellikle yaşlı insanları etkileyen İE, ülkemizde halen genç insanları etkileyebilmektedir. Bu hastalığın mortalite ve morbiditesinin azaltılması için, hızlıca tanınması ve etkeninin belirlenerek, etkene yönelik tedavisinin yapılması kritik öneme sahiptir. Ancak hastaların çoğuna ilk başvurularında tanı konulamamakta, yaklaşık yarısında tanı 3 aydan sonra konulabilmekte ve hastalık sıklıkla gözden kaçmaktadır. İE tanısı konulmuş hastalarda, bu infeksiyona neden olan mikroorganizmaların belirlenme oranı gelişmiş ülkelere göre Türkiye’de çok daha düşüktür. İE’li hastaların tanısının konulmasında kullanılabilecek bazı önemli mikrobiyolojik testler bu hastaları izleyen merkezlerin çoğunda yapılamamaktadır. Tedavide ilk seçenek olarak önerilen, başta antistafilokoksik penisilinler olmak üzere önemli bazı antimikrobik ajanlar ülkemizde piyasada yoktur. Bu sorunlar, ülkemizde hem İE’nin epidemiyolojik, laboratuvar ve klinik özelliklerini, hem de tanısı, tedavisi ve önlenmesiyle ilgili güncel bilgileri, yerel verileri de içerecek şekilde gözden geçirmeyi zorunlu kılmaktadır. İE’li hastalar birçok uzmanlık dalından hekim tarafından izlenebilir. Birçok daldan hekimin rol aldığı İE’li hastaların yönetiminin daima güncel önerilere uygun olarak yapılabilmesi için, İE’nin tanı ve tedavi süreçlerinin her aşamada standardize edilmesi gerekir. Bu bakış açısıyla, Türk Klinik Mikrobiyoloji ve İnfeksiyon Hastalıkları Derneği İnfektif Endokardit ve Diğer Kardiyovasküler İnfeksiyonlar Çalışma Grubu, ülkemizde güncel bilgilerin ve yerel verilerin ışığında İE’nin tanısı, tedavisi ve önlenmesine yönelik bir uzlaşı raporu oluşturabilmek amacıyla ilgili ulusal uzmanlık kuruluşlarına bir işbirliği çağrısında bulunmuştur.

Anahtar Kelime:

Belge Türü: Makale Makale Türü: Diğer Erişim Türü: Erişime Açık

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APA	ŞİMŞEK YAVUZ S, AKAR A, AYDOĞDU S, DENİZ D, DEMİR M, HAZIROLAN T, Ozatik M, Özer N, Sargin M, TOPCUOĞLU E, Turhan N, YILMAZ M, AZAP K, BAŞARAN S, ÇAĞ Y, ÇAĞATAY A, ÇINAR G, KAYA S, HIZMALI L, IŞIK E, KILIÇASLAN N, MENEKŞE Ş, Meriç Koç M, ARAS ÖZTÜRK S, şensoy a, TEKÇE TEZER Y, TİGEN TÜKENMEZ E, Uygun Kizmaz Y, ÖCALMAZ M, Yesilkaya A, GÖKDOĞAN YILMAZ E, Yilmaz N, Yılmaz Karadağ F (2020). Diagnosis, treatment and prevention of infective endocarditis: Turkish consensus report-2019. , 187 - 226. 10.5543/tkda.2020.89689
Chicago	ŞİMŞEK YAVUZ Serap,AKAR Ahmet Rüçhan,AYDOĞDU Sinan,DENİZ Denef Berzeg,DEMİR Mehmet Hakan,HAZIROLAN TUNCAY,Ozatik Mehmet Ali,Özer Necla,Sargin Murat,TOPCUOĞLU Emine Nursen,Turhan Nesrin,YILMAZ MEHMET BIRHAN,AZAP Kurt Özlem,BAŞARAN Seniha,ÇAĞ Yasemin,ÇAĞATAY Arif Atahan,ÇINAR Güle,KAYA Sibel DOĞAN,HIZMALI Lokman,IŞIK Emirhan Mehmet,KILIÇASLAN Nirgül,MENEKŞE Şirin,Meriç Koç Meliha,ARAS ÖZTÜRK Serpil Ece,şensoy ayfer,TEKÇE TEZER Yasemin,TİGEN TÜKENMEZ Elif,Uygun Kizmaz Yesim,ÖCALMAZ Mutlu Şeyda VELİOĞLU,Yesilkaya Aysegul,GÖKDOĞAN YILMAZ Emel,Yilmaz Neziha,Yılmaz Karadağ Fatma Diagnosis, treatment and prevention of infective endocarditis: Turkish consensus report-2019. (2020): 187 - 226. 10.5543/tkda.2020.89689
MLA	ŞİMŞEK YAVUZ Serap,AKAR Ahmet Rüçhan,AYDOĞDU Sinan,DENİZ Denef Berzeg,DEMİR Mehmet Hakan,HAZIROLAN TUNCAY,Ozatik Mehmet Ali,Özer Necla,Sargin Murat,TOPCUOĞLU Emine Nursen,Turhan Nesrin,YILMAZ MEHMET BIRHAN,AZAP Kurt Özlem,BAŞARAN Seniha,ÇAĞ Yasemin,ÇAĞATAY Arif Atahan,ÇINAR Güle,KAYA Sibel DOĞAN,HIZMALI Lokman,IŞIK Emirhan Mehmet,KILIÇASLAN Nirgül,MENEKŞE Şirin,Meriç Koç Meliha,ARAS ÖZTÜRK Serpil Ece,şensoy ayfer,TEKÇE TEZER Yasemin,TİGEN TÜKENMEZ Elif,Uygun Kizmaz Yesim,ÖCALMAZ Mutlu Şeyda VELİOĞLU,Yesilkaya Aysegul,GÖKDOĞAN YILMAZ Emel,Yilmaz Neziha,Yılmaz Karadağ Fatma Diagnosis, treatment and prevention of infective endocarditis: Turkish consensus report-2019. , 2020, ss.187 - 226. 10.5543/tkda.2020.89689
AMA	ŞİMŞEK YAVUZ S,AKAR A,AYDOĞDU S,DENİZ D,DEMİR M,HAZIROLAN T,Ozatik M,Özer N,Sargin M,TOPCUOĞLU E,Turhan N,YILMAZ M,AZAP K,BAŞARAN S,ÇAĞ Y,ÇAĞATAY A,ÇINAR G,KAYA S,HIZMALI L,IŞIK E,KILIÇASLAN N,MENEKŞE Ş,Meriç Koç M,ARAS ÖZTÜRK S,şensoy a,TEKÇE TEZER Y,TİGEN TÜKENMEZ E,Uygun Kizmaz Y,ÖCALMAZ M,Yesilkaya A,GÖKDOĞAN YILMAZ E,Yilmaz N,Yılmaz Karadağ F Diagnosis, treatment and prevention of infective endocarditis: Turkish consensus report-2019. . 2020; 187 - 226. 10.5543/tkda.2020.89689
Vancouver	ŞİMŞEK YAVUZ S,AKAR A,AYDOĞDU S,DENİZ D,DEMİR M,HAZIROLAN T,Ozatik M,Özer N,Sargin M,TOPCUOĞLU E,Turhan N,YILMAZ M,AZAP K,BAŞARAN S,ÇAĞ Y,ÇAĞATAY A,ÇINAR G,KAYA S,HIZMALI L,IŞIK E,KILIÇASLAN N,MENEKŞE Ş,Meriç Koç M,ARAS ÖZTÜRK S,şensoy a,TEKÇE TEZER Y,TİGEN TÜKENMEZ E,Uygun Kizmaz Y,ÖCALMAZ M,Yesilkaya A,GÖKDOĞAN YILMAZ E,Yilmaz N,Yılmaz Karadağ F Diagnosis, treatment and prevention of infective endocarditis: Turkish consensus report-2019. . 2020; 187 - 226. 10.5543/tkda.2020.89689
IEEE	ŞİMŞEK YAVUZ S,AKAR A,AYDOĞDU S,DENİZ D,DEMİR M,HAZIROLAN T,Ozatik M,Özer N,Sargin M,TOPCUOĞLU E,Turhan N,YILMAZ M,AZAP K,BAŞARAN S,ÇAĞ Y,ÇAĞATAY A,ÇINAR G,KAYA S,HIZMALI L,IŞIK E,KILIÇASLAN N,MENEKŞE Ş,Meriç Koç M,ARAS ÖZTÜRK S,şensoy a,TEKÇE TEZER Y,TİGEN TÜKENMEZ E,Uygun Kizmaz Y,ÖCALMAZ M,Yesilkaya A,GÖKDOĞAN YILMAZ E,Yilmaz N,Yılmaz Karadağ F "Diagnosis, treatment and prevention of infective endocarditis: Turkish consensus report-2019." , ss.187 - 226, 2020. 10.5543/tkda.2020.89689
ISNAD	ŞİMŞEK YAVUZ, Serap vd. "Diagnosis, treatment and prevention of infective endocarditis: Turkish consensus report-2019". (2020), 187-226. https://doi.org/10.5543/tkda.2020.89689

APA	ŞİMŞEK YAVUZ S, AKAR A, AYDOĞDU S, DENİZ D, DEMİR M, HAZIROLAN T, Ozatik M, Özer N, Sargin M, TOPCUOĞLU E, Turhan N, YILMAZ M, AZAP K, BAŞARAN S, ÇAĞ Y, ÇAĞATAY A, ÇINAR G, KAYA S, HIZMALI L, IŞIK E, KILIÇASLAN N, MENEKŞE Ş, Meriç Koç M, ARAS ÖZTÜRK S, şensoy a, TEKÇE TEZER Y, TİGEN TÜKENMEZ E, Uygun Kizmaz Y, ÖCALMAZ M, Yesilkaya A, GÖKDOĞAN YILMAZ E, Yilmaz N, Yılmaz Karadağ F (2020). Diagnosis, treatment and prevention of infective endocarditis: Turkish consensus report-2019. Türk Kardiyoloji Derneği Arşivi, 48(2), 187 - 226. 10.5543/tkda.2020.89689
Chicago	ŞİMŞEK YAVUZ Serap,AKAR Ahmet Rüçhan,AYDOĞDU Sinan,DENİZ Denef Berzeg,DEMİR Mehmet Hakan,HAZIROLAN TUNCAY,Ozatik Mehmet Ali,Özer Necla,Sargin Murat,TOPCUOĞLU Emine Nursen,Turhan Nesrin,YILMAZ MEHMET BIRHAN,AZAP Kurt Özlem,BAŞARAN Seniha,ÇAĞ Yasemin,ÇAĞATAY Arif Atahan,ÇINAR Güle,KAYA Sibel DOĞAN,HIZMALI Lokman,IŞIK Emirhan Mehmet,KILIÇASLAN Nirgül,MENEKŞE Şirin,Meriç Koç Meliha,ARAS ÖZTÜRK Serpil Ece,şensoy ayfer,TEKÇE TEZER Yasemin,TİGEN TÜKENMEZ Elif,Uygun Kizmaz Yesim,ÖCALMAZ Mutlu Şeyda VELİOĞLU,Yesilkaya Aysegul,GÖKDOĞAN YILMAZ Emel,Yilmaz Neziha,Yılmaz Karadağ Fatma Diagnosis, treatment and prevention of infective endocarditis: Turkish consensus report-2019. Türk Kardiyoloji Derneği Arşivi 48, no.2 (2020): 187 - 226. 10.5543/tkda.2020.89689
MLA	ŞİMŞEK YAVUZ Serap,AKAR Ahmet Rüçhan,AYDOĞDU Sinan,DENİZ Denef Berzeg,DEMİR Mehmet Hakan,HAZIROLAN TUNCAY,Ozatik Mehmet Ali,Özer Necla,Sargin Murat,TOPCUOĞLU Emine Nursen,Turhan Nesrin,YILMAZ MEHMET BIRHAN,AZAP Kurt Özlem,BAŞARAN Seniha,ÇAĞ Yasemin,ÇAĞATAY Arif Atahan,ÇINAR Güle,KAYA Sibel DOĞAN,HIZMALI Lokman,IŞIK Emirhan Mehmet,KILIÇASLAN Nirgül,MENEKŞE Şirin,Meriç Koç Meliha,ARAS ÖZTÜRK Serpil Ece,şensoy ayfer,TEKÇE TEZER Yasemin,TİGEN TÜKENMEZ Elif,Uygun Kizmaz Yesim,ÖCALMAZ Mutlu Şeyda VELİOĞLU,Yesilkaya Aysegul,GÖKDOĞAN YILMAZ Emel,Yilmaz Neziha,Yılmaz Karadağ Fatma Diagnosis, treatment and prevention of infective endocarditis: Turkish consensus report-2019. Türk Kardiyoloji Derneği Arşivi, vol.48, no.2, 2020, ss.187 - 226. 10.5543/tkda.2020.89689
AMA	ŞİMŞEK YAVUZ S,AKAR A,AYDOĞDU S,DENİZ D,DEMİR M,HAZIROLAN T,Ozatik M,Özer N,Sargin M,TOPCUOĞLU E,Turhan N,YILMAZ M,AZAP K,BAŞARAN S,ÇAĞ Y,ÇAĞATAY A,ÇINAR G,KAYA S,HIZMALI L,IŞIK E,KILIÇASLAN N,MENEKŞE Ş,Meriç Koç M,ARAS ÖZTÜRK S,şensoy a,TEKÇE TEZER Y,TİGEN TÜKENMEZ E,Uygun Kizmaz Y,ÖCALMAZ M,Yesilkaya A,GÖKDOĞAN YILMAZ E,Yilmaz N,Yılmaz Karadağ F Diagnosis, treatment and prevention of infective endocarditis: Turkish consensus report-2019. Türk Kardiyoloji Derneği Arşivi. 2020; 48(2): 187 - 226. 10.5543/tkda.2020.89689
Vancouver	ŞİMŞEK YAVUZ S,AKAR A,AYDOĞDU S,DENİZ D,DEMİR M,HAZIROLAN T,Ozatik M,Özer N,Sargin M,TOPCUOĞLU E,Turhan N,YILMAZ M,AZAP K,BAŞARAN S,ÇAĞ Y,ÇAĞATAY A,ÇINAR G,KAYA S,HIZMALI L,IŞIK E,KILIÇASLAN N,MENEKŞE Ş,Meriç Koç M,ARAS ÖZTÜRK S,şensoy a,TEKÇE TEZER Y,TİGEN TÜKENMEZ E,Uygun Kizmaz Y,ÖCALMAZ M,Yesilkaya A,GÖKDOĞAN YILMAZ E,Yilmaz N,Yılmaz Karadağ F Diagnosis, treatment and prevention of infective endocarditis: Turkish consensus report-2019. Türk Kardiyoloji Derneği Arşivi. 2020; 48(2): 187 - 226. 10.5543/tkda.2020.89689
IEEE	ŞİMŞEK YAVUZ S,AKAR A,AYDOĞDU S,DENİZ D,DEMİR M,HAZIROLAN T,Ozatik M,Özer N,Sargin M,TOPCUOĞLU E,Turhan N,YILMAZ M,AZAP K,BAŞARAN S,ÇAĞ Y,ÇAĞATAY A,ÇINAR G,KAYA S,HIZMALI L,IŞIK E,KILIÇASLAN N,MENEKŞE Ş,Meriç Koç M,ARAS ÖZTÜRK S,şensoy a,TEKÇE TEZER Y,TİGEN TÜKENMEZ E,Uygun Kizmaz Y,ÖCALMAZ M,Yesilkaya A,GÖKDOĞAN YILMAZ E,Yilmaz N,Yılmaz Karadağ F "Diagnosis, treatment and prevention of infective endocarditis: Turkish consensus report-2019." Türk Kardiyoloji Derneği Arşivi, 48, ss.187 - 226, 2020. 10.5543/tkda.2020.89689
ISNAD	ŞİMŞEK YAVUZ, Serap vd. "Diagnosis, treatment and prevention of infective endocarditis: Turkish consensus report-2019". Türk Kardiyoloji Derneği Arşivi 48/2 (2020), 187-226. https://doi.org/10.5543/tkda.2020.89689