Alphabet in Turkestan geography in $20^{th}$ century is a notion whichwas directed by political authority, presented and transformed with mo dernization and improvement ideals, yet utilized as a significant means ofcultural assimilation system. In context with the invasion of USSR of thelands on which Turkic people are living and the policies imposed on thereafterwards, Uyghur Turks who live in East Turkestan as a considerablepopulation has shared generally the same fate with other Turkish kins interms of alphabet policy. On the other hand the alphabet used by UyghurTurks in East Turkestan depended on the political and social conditions ofChina, the country which they are bound to. In the $20^{th}$ century, Uyghurs used Arab, Cyrillic and Latin alphabets.The politicies adopted by the States governing Uyghur people forced Uy ghurs to use different alphabets and frequently change alphabets for Mo dern Uyghur Turkish at the same time. Currently East Turkestan Uyghursuse Latin alphabet unofficially besides Uyghur-Arab alphabet. Kazakhs tan Uyghurs and Kyrgyzstan Uyghurs both use Uyghur-Arab alphabetsunofficially besides Uyghur-Cyrillic alphabet. And Uyghurs in Turkeymake publications using Uyghur-Arab alphabet. Our study focuses on the alphabets that have been used by Uyghursfrom the beginning of the $20^{th}$ century to the present. The purpose of ourstudy is to reveal the alphabet matter of Uyghurs since the $20^{th}$ centuryand to examine the reasons of change of alphabet. Furthermore the studydraws attention to the matter of alphabet, which is one of the unsolvedproblems at present. Qualitative research method has been used in thestudy. Secondary sources have been used for the information unavailabledue to the cencorship on the sources in East Turkestan.