Introduction: Atelectasis is the loss of lung volume secondary to collapse. Narrow and collapsible airways and underlying chronic diseases facilitate the development of atelectasis in children. Since atelectasis is an important cause of morbidity and mortality in children, early diagnosis and treatment are of great importance. Methods: Thirty-six patients who were followed up in the pediatric service and pediatric intensive care unit of our clinic be - tween December 1, 2018, and June 1, 2019, and were diagnosed radiologically with atelectasis were evaluated retrospectively. Results: The median age was 1.85 years (1.0–7.37). The most common cause for hospitalization was pneumonia (n=30, 83%). Except for two patients, all patients had an underlying disease that increased the risk of atelectasis. Neurological diseases were the most common diseases among the underlying diseases (n=12, 36%). For the treatment, 4 (11.1%) patients received chest physiotherapy, 19 (52.7%) patients received nebulized medications, and chest physiotherapy, and 13 (36.1%) patients received positive end-expiratory pressure support in addition to these treatments. The frequency of atelectasis in more than one localization was higher in children with the neurological disease than in other patients (n=7, [54%] vs. n=3, [13%]; p=0.018). In patients with atelectasis in more than one localization, the duration of hospitalization was longer (median 12.5 days [9.5–16.75] vs. 19 days [13–22.75]; p=0.034). Discussion and Conclusion: Atelectasis is common in hospitalized children with an underlying disease. In the presence of pathological respiratory symptoms and signs, atelectasis should be kept in mind, and treatment should be started early.

One of the purposes of this study was to examine the relationships between anxiety, psychological resilience, ways of coping, and pathological metacognition. The second purpose was to evaluate the moderated mediating role of pathological metacognition and ways of coping in the relationship between psychological resilience and anxiety. Within the scope of the study, data was collected from 445 individuals of whom 292 (65.6%) were females and 153 (34.4%) were males. The participants completed Demographic Information Form, the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, the Resilience Scale for Adults, the Ways of Coping Inventory and the Metacognitions Questionnaire-30. Correlation analyses were conducted to evaluate the relationships between anxiety, psychological resilience, ways of coping, and pathological metacognitions; hierarchical regression analyses were conducted to see the predictive power of the variables on anxiety and moderated mediation analyses were conducted to evaluate the moderated mediator roles of pathological metacognitions and ways of coping. According to the correlation analyses, there was no statistically significant relationship between pathological metacognitions and ways of coping. Correlation coefficients related to other relationships ranged between .10 and .61. According to the regression results psychological resilience, pathological metacognitions, and ways of coping explained 58% of the variance of anxiety. Finally, the findings indicated that pathological metacognitions had a mediating role in the relationship between psychological resilience and anxiety, and that emotional coping moderated this mediation. Taking all the findings of the current study together, it can be argued that psychological resilience, pathological metacognitions, and ways of coping are important factors in explaining anxiety and that working on these variables especially in a therapeutical context can be beneficial.