Ruhsal liderlik ve örgüt kültürü : Bir yapısal eşitlik modelleme çalışması
Yıl: 2009 Cilt: 9 Sayı: 3 Sayfa Aralığı: 1357 - 1405 Metin Dili: Türkçe İndeks Tarihi: 29-07-2022
Ruhsal liderlik ve örgüt kültürü : Bir yapısal eşitlik modelleme çalışması
Öz: Bu çalışmanın amacı, ilköğretim okulu müdürlerinin ruhsal liderlik davranışlarının, örgüt kültürü oluşturma sürecini etkilediği şeklinde oluşturulan teorik çerçevenin, yapısal eşitlik modeli kapsamında test edilmesidir. Bu iki temel değişken arasında bir neden-sonuç ilişkisi bulunduğu düşüncesinden hareketle çalışma nedensel bir desende tasarlanmıştır. Çalışmada, ruhsal liderlik davranışları bağımsız değişken, örgüt kültürü ise bağımlı değişken olarak ele alınmıştır. Araştırmanın evreni, 2008-2009 öğretim yılında İstanbul ili Ataşehir ilçesi sınırlarında bulunan otuz iki kamu ilköğretim okulunda görevli 2.447 ilköğretim okulu öğretmeninden oluşmuştur. Araştırma örneklemi, bölgenin sosyoekonomik yapısı dikkate alınarak tabakalı küme örnekleme yöntemiyle belirlenen 359 gönüllü öğretmenden oluşmuştur. Çalışmada veriler, araştırma kapsamında geliştirilen Ruhsal Liderlik Ölçeği ve Örgüt Kültürü Ölçeği ile toplanmıştır. Ruhsal Liderlik Ölçeği performans (bağlılık, vizyon ve verimlilik) ve huzur (aidiyet ve inanç) olmak üzere iki bileşen ve toplam beş alt boyuttan oluşmuştur. Örgüt Kültürü Ölçeği ise idari, sosyal, değer ve amaç olmak üzere dört alt boyuttan oluşmuştur. Çalışmada teorik olarak oluşturulan yapısal eşitlik modelinin test edilmesinde, uygun modeller araştırmak, hem gizil hem de gözlenen değişkenlerdeki ölçüm hatasını birleştirmeyi sağlamak amacıyla Path analizi tercih edilmiştir. Bulgular huzur boyutu, örgüt kültürünü yüksek, performans boyutu ise okul kültürünü orta düzeyde etkilediğini göstermiştir. Ruhsal liderlik ve örgüt kültürü algısı ile ilgili daha fazla yeni değişkenin, yapılacak yeni araştırmalarda oluşturulacak yapısal eşitlik modelinde tanımlanmasını gerektirmektedir.
Anahtar Kelime: Spiritual leadership and organizational culture : A study of structural equation modeling
Öz: Th e aim of this study is to test the spiritual leadership behaviors of school principles in a structural equation model. Th e study is designed to test causality with the assumption that causality exists between the two variables. In this study, spiritual leadership behavior of managers is treated as the independent variable whereas the organizational culture is the dependent variable in the model. Population of this research is 2447 primary school teachers who were working in 32 primary schools in Ataşehir-Istanbul/Turkey. Sampling group consists of 359 voluntary teachers defined with (layer) cluster sampling method according to three income levels (high-mid-low). Data are collected in two scales which were originally developed by researcher. Th e Spiritual leadership scale consisted of two components and five subscales (performance: commitment, vision, productive and attendance: belonging, believe). Th e Organizational Culture Scale consisted of four subscales (managerial, social, value and aim). In order to test the structural equity model designed in the research, path coeff icients and defined relations between implied and observed variables are used. Findings show that attendance highly aff ects performance and, in turn, performance aff ects school culture at the mid-level. It is suggested that the perception of spiritual leadership be improved in structural equation models in future studies.
Anahtar Kelime: Belge Türü: Makale Makale Türü: Derleme Erişim Türü: Bibliyografik
- Alvesson, M. (1990). On popularity of organizational culture. Acta Sociologica, 33(1), 31-49.
- Anderson, J. C., & Gerbing, D. (1984). Th e eff ect of sampling error on convergence, improper solutions, and goodness-of-fit indices for maximum likelihood confirmatory factor analysis. Psychometrika, 49, 155-173.
- Anderson, P. (2000). Th is place hurts my spirit! Journal for Quality and Participation, 23(4),16-17.
- Ashar, H., & Lane-Maher, M. (2004). Success and spirituality in the new business paradigm.Journal of Management Inquiry, 13(3), 249-260
- Ashmos, D. P., & Duchon, D. (2000). Spirituality at work: A conceptualization and measure.Journal of Management Inquiry, 9(2), 134-145.
- Avolio, B. J., & Bass, B. M. (2002). Manual for the multifactor leadership questionnaire. Redwood City, CA: Mindgarden.
- Baloğlu, N. ve Karadağ, E. (2008). Ruhsal liderlik üzerine teorik bir çözümleme. Kuram ve Uygulamada Eğitim Yönetimi, 58, 165-190.
- Barna, G. (2005). Revolution. Carol Stream, IL: Tyndale House Publishers.
- Bass, B. M. (1985). Leadership and performance beyond expectations. New York, NY: The Free.
- Bass, B. M. (1990). Bass & Stogdill’s handbook of leadership: The ory, research, & managerial applications. New York, NY: Th e Free Press.
- Benefiel, M. (2005). The second half of the journey: Spiritual leadership for organ izational transformation. Leadership Quarterly, 16(5), 723-747.
- Bennis, W. (2002). Become a tomorrow leader. In L. C. Spears, & M. Lawrence (Eds.),Focus on leadership: Servant-leadership for the 21st century (pp. 101-109). New York, NY:John Wiley & Sons.
- Blake, R. R., & Mouton, J. S. (1964). Th e managerial grid. Houston, TX: Gulf.
- Bodinson, G. W. (2005). Change healthcare organizations from good to great. Quality Progress, 38(11), 22-29.
- Burkhart, L. (2008). Addressing spiritual leadership: an organizational model. Jour nal of Nursing Administration, 38(1), 33-39.
- Burrell, G., & Morgan, G. (1979). Sociological paradigms and organizational analysis. London:Heinemann.
- Caldwell, K., Kallestad, W., & Sorensen, P. (2004). Entrepreneurial faith: Launching bold initiatives to expand God’s kingdom. Colorado Springs, CO: WaterBrook Press.
- Cameron, K. S., & Ettington, D. R (1988). Th e conceptual foundations of organizational culture. J .C. Smart (Ed.), Higher education: Handbook of theory and research (pp.356-396).New York, NY: Agathon.
- Casey, C. (2004). Bureaucracy re-enchanted? Spirit, experts and authority in organizations.Organization, 11(1), 59-80.
- Cavanagh, G. F. (1999). Spirituality for managers: Context and critique. Journal of Organizational Change Management, 12(3), 186-199.
- Cole, D. A. (1987). Utility of confirmatory factor analysis in test validation research. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 55, 1019-1031.
- Cole, G. A. (1993). Management: Th eory and practice. London: DP.
- Cooper, M. (2005). The transformational leadership of the Apostle Paul: A contextual and biblical leadership for contemporary ministry. Christian Education Journal, 2(1), 48-61.
- Çelikten, M. (2003). Okul kültürünün şekillendirilmesinde müdürün rolleri. Türk Eğitim Bilimleri Dergisi, 1(4), 453-462.
- Davey, K. M., & Symon, G. (2001). Recent approaches to the qualitative analysis of organizational culture. C. L. Cooper, S. Cartwright, & P. C. Earley (Eds.), The organizational handbook of organizational culture and climate (pp.123-142). London: John Wiley & Sons.
- Davis, S. M. (1984). Managing corporate culture. Cambridge, MA: Ballinger.
- Deal, T. E., & Peterson, D. K. (1998). How leaders infl uence the culture of schools. EducationalLeadership, 56(1), 27-30.
- DeKlerk, J. J. (2005). Spirituality, meaning in life, and work wellness: A research agenda.International Journal of Organizational Analysis, 13(1), 64-68.
- Eisner, R., & Montuori, A. (2003). The human side of spirituality. In R. A. Giacalone, &C. L. Jurkiewicz (Eds.), Handbook of workplace spirituality and organizational performance(pp. 46-56). Armonk, NY: M.E. Sharpe.
- Fairholm, G. W. (1997). Capturing the hearth of leadership: Spirituality and community in the new American workplace. Wesport, CT.: Praeger.
- Ferch, S. (2005). Servant-leadership, a way of life. In L. C. Spears (Eds.), The international journal of servant-leadership (pp. 3-8). Spokane, WA: Gonzaga University & Robert K. Greenleaf.
- Ferguson, J., & Milliman, J. (2008). Creating eff ective core organizational values: A spiritual leadership approach. Internat ional Journal of Public Administration, 31(4), 439-459.
- Fiedler, F. E. (1967). A theory of leadership eff ectiveness. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill.
- Firestone, W. A. (1987). Meaning in method: the rhetoric of quantitative and qualitative research. Educational Researcher, 16(7), 16-21.
- Fleischman, P. R. (1990). Th e healing spirit: Explorations in religion and psychotherapy. Cleveland,SC: Bonne Change.
- Fleming, K. Y. (2004). Soulful leadership: Leadership characteristics of spiritual leaders contributing to increased meaning in life and work. Dissertation Abstracts International,65(01), 211A (UMI No. 3120403).
- Flores, M. A. (2004). The impact of school culture an d leadership on new teachers’ learning in the workplace. International Journal of Leadership in Education, 7(4), 297-318.
- Fry, L. W. (2003). Toward a theory of spiritual leadership. The Leadership Quarterly, 14,693-727.
- Fry, L. W., & Cohen, M. (2009). Spiritual leadership as a paradigm for organizational transformation and recovery from extended work hours cultures. Journal of Business Ethics,2(84), 265-278.
- Fry, L. W., Matherly, L. L., Whittington, J. L., & Winston, B. E. (2007). Spiritual leadership as an integrating paradigm for servant leadership. Retrieved November 25, 2008, from http://www.tarleton.edu/~fry/sltservantleadership.pdf
- Giacalone, R. A., Jurkiewicz, C. L., & Fry, L. W. (2005). From advocacy to science: The next steps in workplace spirituality research. Retrieved November 25, 2008, from http://www.tarleton.edu/~fry/sltpaloutzianfinal.pdf
- Goffee , R., & Jones, G. (1999). İnsanlar liderliginize ne diye gerek duysun? (çev. N. ElHüseyni).İstanbul: MESS.
- Griff ith J. (2004). Relation of principal transfornational leadership to school staff job satisfaction,staff turnover, and school performance. Journal of Educational Administration,42, 333-356.
- Gronn, P. (2006). The significance of distributed leadership. Educational Leadership Research,7, 160-172.
- Guillory, W. A. (2002). Spirituality in the workplace: A guide for adapting to the chaotically changing workplace. Salt Lake City, UT: Innovations International.
- Gull, G. A., & Doh, J. (2004). The transmutation of the organization: Toward a more spiritual workplace. Journal of Management Inquiry, 13(2), 128-139.
- Halpin, A. W., & Winer, B. J. (1957). A factorial study of the leader behavior descriptions.In R. M. Stogdill, & A.E. Coons (Eds), Leader behavior: Its description and measurement(pp. 399-451). Columbus, OH: Bureau of Buisness Research, Ohio State University
- Hause, R. J. (1971). A path-goal theory eff ectiveness. Administrative Science Quarterly,16, 321-328.
- Hersey, P., & Blanchard, H. K. (1972). Management of organization behavior. Englewood Cliff s, NY: Prentice-Hall.
- Hoff man, A. J. (2003). Reconciling professional and personal value systems: The spiritually motivated manager as organizational entrepreneur. In R. A. Giacalone, & C. L.Jurkiewicz (Eds.), Handbook of workplace spirituality and organizational performance (pp.193-208). Armonk, NY: M.E. Sharpe.
- Hofstede, G. (1998). Identifying organizational subcultures: An empirical approach. Journal of Management Studies, 35(1), 1-12.
- Hood, J. N. (2003). The relationship of leadership style and CEO values to ethical practices in organizations. Journal of Business Ethics, 43(40), 263-273.
- Hunt, J. G., Sekaran, U., & Schriesheim, C. A. (1982). Leadership: Beyond establishment views.Carbondale, IL: Southern Illinois University Press.
- İlhan, T. (2006). Kültürün örgütlerdeki rolü: Benimsenen teorik perspektif ve yöntem tartışmalarına ilişkin kavramsal bir inceleme. Atatürk Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Dergisi, 2, 273-294.
- Jöreskog, K., & Sörbom, D. (2001). LISREL 8.51. Mooresvile: Scientific Software.
- Katz, D., & Kahn, R. L. (1952). Some recent findings in human relations research. In E.Swanson, T. Newcombe, & E. Hartley (Eds), Readings in social psychology (pp. 650-665).New York, NY: Holt, Reinhart and Winston.
- Katz, D., & Kahn, R. L. (1978). Organizations and the system concept. In J. M. Shafritz,& P. H. Whitbeck (Eds.), Classics of organization theory (pp. 161-172). Oak Park, Ill:Moore.
- Klein, E., & Izzo, J. B. (1999). Awakening corporate soul: Four paths to unleash the power of people at work. Vancouver, BC: Fair Winds Press.
- Klenke, K. (2003). Th e “S” factor in leadership education, practice, and research. Journal of Education for Business, 79(1), 56-60.
- Kline, P. (1994). An easy guide to factor analysis. New York, NY: Routledge.
- Kline, R. B. (2005). Principle and practice of structural equation modeling. New York, NY:Guilford.
- Knutson, K. A., Miranda, A. O., & Washell, C. (2005). Th e connection between school culture and leadership social interest in learning organizations. Journal of Individual Psychology, 61(1), 25-36.
- Komala, K., & Ganesh, L. S. (2007). Individual spirituality at work and its relationship with job satisfaction and burnout: An exploratory study among healthcare professionals.The Business Review, Cambridge, 7(1), 124-134.
- Kouzes, J., & Posner, B. (2002). The leadership challenge. San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass.
- Likert, R. (1971). The principle of supportive relationships. In D. S. Pugh (Ed.), Organization theory (pp. 279-304). London: Penguin.
- Louis, M. R. (1983). Organizations as culture-bearing milieu. In L. R. Pondy, P. J. Frost,G. Morgan, & T. C. Dandridge (Eds.), Organizational symbolism (pp. 39-54). Greenwich,CT: JAI.
- Lundberg, C. C. (2001). Working with cultures in organizations: A social rule perspective.In C. L. Cooper, S. Cartwright, & P. C. Earley (Eds), The organizational handbook of organizational culture and climate (pp. 325-345). London: John Wiley & Sons.
- Maddock, R. D., & Fulton, R. L. (1999). Motivation, emotions, and leadership: The silent side of management. Westport: Quorum BoMarkow, F., & Klenke, K. (2005). The effects of personal meaning and calling on organizational commitment: An empirical investigation of spiritual leadership. International Journal of Organizational Analysis, 13(1), 8-27.
- Marsh, H. W., Balla, JR., & McDonald, R. P. (1988). Goodness-of-fit indexes in confirmatory factory analysis: The eff ects of sample size. Psychological Bulletin, 103(3), 391-410.
- Marx G. (2006). Future-focused leadership: Preparing schools, students, and communities for tomorrow’ realities. Alexandria, VA: Libra.
- Matherly, L. L., & Fry, L. W. (2005). A strategic scorecard model of organizational excellence through spiritual leadership. Retrieved November 25, 2008, from http://www.tarleton.edu/~fry/SLTOrgPerf.pdf
- McGee-Cooper, A., & Trammell, D. (2002). From hero-as-leader to servant-as-leader. In L. C. Spears, & M. Lawrence (Eds.), Focus on leadership: Servant-leadership for the 21st century(pp. 141-151). New York, NY: John Wiley & Sons.
- McGregor, D. (1960). The human side of enterprise. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill Book.
- McKee, D. (2003). Spirituality and marketing: An overview of the literature. In R. A. Giacalone,& C. L. Jurkiewicz (Eds.), Handbook of workplace spirituality and organizational performance (pp. 57-75). Armonk, NY: M.E. Sharpe.
- McMillan, J. H., & Schumacher, S. (2006). Research in education: Evidence based inquiry.Boston, MA: Brown and Company.
- Millî Eğitim Bakanlığı. (2008). Milli eğitim istatistikleri ‘Örgün eğitim’ 2007-2008. Ankara: Yazar.
- Milliman, J., Czaplewski, A. J., & Ferguson, J. (2003). Workplace spirituality and employee work attitude. Journal of Organizational Change Management, 16(4), 426-447.
- Mitroff , I. I., & Denton, E. A. (1999). A spiritual audit of corporate America: A hard look at spirituality, religion, and values in the workplace. San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass.
- Myers, R. B. (1954). The development and implications of a conception of leadership for leadership education. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, University of Florida, Florida.
- Neuman, L. W. (2007). Toplumsal araştırma yöntemleri: Nitel ve nicel yaklaşımlar (Çev. S.Özge). İstanbul: Yayın Odası.
- Owens, R. G. (1981). Organizational behavior in education. London: Prentice/Hall.
- Özdemir, A. (2006). Okul kültürünün oluşturulması ve çevreye tanıtılmasında okul müdürlerinden beklenen ve onlarda gözlenen davranışlar. Türk Eğitim Bilimleri Dergisi, 4(4),411-436.
- Pang, N. S. K. (1996). School values and teachers’ feelings: a LISREL model. Journal of Educational Administration, 34(2), 64-83
- Perrone, K. M., Webb, L. K., Wright, S. L., Jackson, Z. V., & Ksiazak, T. M. (2006). Relationship of spirituality to work and family roles and life satisfaction among gifted adults.Journal of Mental Health Counseling, 28(6), 252-268.
- Pfeff er, J. (2003). Business and the spirit: Management practices that sustain values. In R.A. Giacalone, & C. L. Jurkiewicz (Eds.), Handbook of workplace spirituality and organizational performance (pp. 29-45). Armonk, NY: M.E. Sharpe.
- Purkey, S. C., & Smith, M. S. (1985). School reform: the district policy implications of the eff ective schools literature. Elementary School Journal, 85(3), 353-389.
- Reddin, W. J. (1970). Eff ective management by objectives the 3D method of MBO. USA:McGraw-Hill.
- Rennie, K. M. (1997). Exploratory and confirmatory rotation strategies in exploratory factor analysis. (ERIC Document Reproduction Service No. ED406446).
- Robertson, J. M. (2005). Coaching leadership: Building educational leadership capacity through coaching partnerships. Wellington: New Zealand Council for Education Research.
- Rubenstein, H. (2003). Ethical leadership. Retrieved July 01, 2008, from http://www.conservativemonitor.com/opinion03/28.shtml
- Sanders, J. E., Hopkins, W. E., & Geroy, G. D. (2004). A causal assessment of the leadershipcommitment relationship. Paper presented at the annual meeting of the Academy of Management,New Orleans, LA.
- Schein, E. H. (1985). Organizational culture and leadership: A dynamic view. San Francisco,CA: Jossey-Bass.
- Schumacker, R. E., & Lomax, R. G. (1996). A beginner’s guide to structural equation modeling.Hilsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
- Sendjaya, S., & Sarros, J. C. (2002). Servant leadership: Its origin, development, and application in organizations. Journal of Leadership & Organizational Studies, 9(2), 57-64.
- Sergiovanni, J. T., & Starratt, J. R. (1988). Supervision: Human perspectives. New York, NY:McGraw-Hill.
- Shaw, P. W. H. (2006). Vulnerable authority: A theological approach to leadership and teamwork. Christian Education Journal, 3(1), 119-133.
- Sheep, M. L. (2004). Nailing down gossamer: A valid measure of the person organization fit of workplace spirituality. Academy of Management Proceedings, B1-B7.
- Smart, J. C., & Hamm, R. E. (1992). Organization culture and eff ectiveness in two-year colleges.(ERIC Document Reproduction Service No. ED 349869).
- Smirich, L. (1983). Concepts of culture and organizational analysis. Administrative Science Quarterly, 28, 339-358.
- Stapleton, C. D. (1997). Basic concepts in exploratory factor analysis as a tool to evaluate score validity: A right-brained approach. (ERIC Document Reproduction Service No.ED407419).
- Stevens, J. (1996). Applied multivariate statistics for the social sciences. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.
- Stogdill, R. (1948). Personal factors associated with leadership: A survey of the literature.Journal of Psychology, 25, 35-71.
- Stogdill, R. M. (1950). Leadership, membership, and organization. Psychological Bulletin,47, 1-14.
- Şahin, S. (2004). Okul müdürlerinin dönüşümcü ve sürdürümcü liderlik stilleri ile okul kültürü arasındaki ilişkiler (İzmir ili örneği). Kuram ve Uygulamada Eğitim Bilimleri, 4(2),365-395
- Th ompson, R. L. (2004). The automatic hand: Spiritualism, psychoanalysis, surrealism. Invisible Culture: An Electronic Journal for Visual Culture, 7, 1-18.
- Trice, H. M., & Beyer, J. M. (1993). Th e culture of work organizations. Englewood Cliff ,NJ: Prentice-Hall.
- Tsui, A. S., Zhang, Z., Wang, H., Xin, K. R., & Wu, J. B. (2006). Unpacking the relationship between CEO leadership behaviour and organizational culture. Th e Leadership Quarterly,17, 113-137.
- Verschoor, C. C. (2006). Strong ethics is a critical quality of leadership. Strategic Finance,87(7), 19.
- Vroom V. H., & Yetton, P. W. (1973). Leadership and decision making. Pittsburg: University of Pittsburgh.
- Wheatley, M. J. (2002). Leadership in turbulent times is spiritual. Frontiers of Health Services Management, 18(4), 19-20.
- Whyte, W. F. (1943). Street corner society. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago.
- Williams, T. H. (1989). Structural equation models. In J. P. Keeves (Ed.), Educational research,methodology, and measurement: An international handbook (pp. 767-874), Oxford:Pergamon.
- Wren, D. A. (1994). The evolution of management thought. New York, NY: John Wiley & Sons. oks.
| APA | KARADAG E (2009). Ruhsal liderlik ve örgüt kültürü : Bir yapısal eşitlik modelleme çalışması. , 1357 - 1405. |
| Chicago | KARADAG ENGIN Ruhsal liderlik ve örgüt kültürü : Bir yapısal eşitlik modelleme çalışması. (2009): 1357 - 1405. |
| MLA | KARADAG ENGIN Ruhsal liderlik ve örgüt kültürü : Bir yapısal eşitlik modelleme çalışması. , 2009, ss.1357 - 1405. |
| AMA | KARADAG E Ruhsal liderlik ve örgüt kültürü : Bir yapısal eşitlik modelleme çalışması. . 2009; 1357 - 1405. |
| Vancouver | KARADAG E Ruhsal liderlik ve örgüt kültürü : Bir yapısal eşitlik modelleme çalışması. . 2009; 1357 - 1405. |
| IEEE | KARADAG E "Ruhsal liderlik ve örgüt kültürü : Bir yapısal eşitlik modelleme çalışması." , ss.1357 - 1405, 2009. |
| ISNAD | KARADAG, ENGIN. "Ruhsal liderlik ve örgüt kültürü : Bir yapısal eşitlik modelleme çalışması". (2009), 1357-1405. |
| APA | KARADAG E (2009). Ruhsal liderlik ve örgüt kültürü : Bir yapısal eşitlik modelleme çalışması. Kuram ve Uygulamada Eğitim Bilimleri, 9(3), 1357 - 1405. |
| Chicago | KARADAG ENGIN Ruhsal liderlik ve örgüt kültürü : Bir yapısal eşitlik modelleme çalışması. Kuram ve Uygulamada Eğitim Bilimleri 9, no.3 (2009): 1357 - 1405. |
| MLA | KARADAG ENGIN Ruhsal liderlik ve örgüt kültürü : Bir yapısal eşitlik modelleme çalışması. Kuram ve Uygulamada Eğitim Bilimleri, vol.9, no.3, 2009, ss.1357 - 1405. |
| AMA | KARADAG E Ruhsal liderlik ve örgüt kültürü : Bir yapısal eşitlik modelleme çalışması. Kuram ve Uygulamada Eğitim Bilimleri. 2009; 9(3): 1357 - 1405. |
| Vancouver | KARADAG E Ruhsal liderlik ve örgüt kültürü : Bir yapısal eşitlik modelleme çalışması. Kuram ve Uygulamada Eğitim Bilimleri. 2009; 9(3): 1357 - 1405. |
| IEEE | KARADAG E "Ruhsal liderlik ve örgüt kültürü : Bir yapısal eşitlik modelleme çalışması." Kuram ve Uygulamada Eğitim Bilimleri, 9, ss.1357 - 1405, 2009. |
| ISNAD | KARADAG, ENGIN. "Ruhsal liderlik ve örgüt kültürü : Bir yapısal eşitlik modelleme çalışması". Kuram ve Uygulamada Eğitim Bilimleri 9/3 (2009), 1357-1405. |
