Yıl: 2016 Cilt: 27 Sayı: 1 Sayfa Aralığı: 79 - 95 Metin Dili: Türkçe İndeks Tarihi: 29-07-2022

Konaklama İşletmelerinde Çalışanların Müşteri Odaklılığının İşgören Devrine Etkisi: İş Tatmininin Aracılık Rolü

Öz:
Bu çalışmanın amacı, konaklama işletmelerinde müşterilerle yüz yüze etkileşim halinde bulunan işgörenlerin müşteri odaklılığının işgören devrine etkisini ve müşteri odaklılık ile işgören devri arasında iş tatmininin aracılık rolünü incelemektir. Örnekleme yöntemi olarak amaca göre örnekleme yöntemi tercih edilmiş ve alan araştırmasına Nevşehir ve Konya ilindeki üç, dört ve beş yıldızlı otel işletmelerinin işgörenleri dahil edilmiştir. Anket yoluyla elde edilen verilerle PROCESS yazılımı kullanılarak aracılık analizi yapılmıştır. Araştırma sonucunda, çalışanların müşteri odaklılığının işten ayrılma niyeti üzerinde istatistiki açıdan anlamlı doğrudan bir etkisinin olmadığı, ancak iş tatmini üzerinde anlamlı ve olumlu etkisi olduğu anlaşılmıştır. Ayrıca müşteri odaklılık ile işten ayrılma niyeti arasında iş tatmininin tam aracılık rolü oynadığı ve müşteri odaklılığın işten ayrılma niyetini iş tatmini aracılığı ile etkilediği ve baskıladığı tespit edilmiştir. Bulgular ışığında konaklama işletmesi yöneticilerine çeşitli önerilerde bulunulmuştur
Anahtar Kelime:

Konular: İş Otelcilik, Konaklama, Spor ve Turizm İşletme

The Impact of Lodging Employee's Customer Orientiation On Turnover Intention: The Mediating Role of Job Satisfaction

Öz:
The purpose of this study is to examine the effects of hotel frontline-employees'customer orientation on turnover and the mediation role of job satisfaction between customer orientation and turnover. Purposive sampling method was used and hotel frontline employees of three, four, and five star lodging businesses in Nevşehir and Konya were included in the field research. Data were gathered from hotel employees by means of a questionnaire. A simple mediation analysis was employed using the PROCESS software. The results indicated that customer orientation had a meaningful and positive impact on job satisfaction but no statistically significant impact on turnover intention and job satisfaction fully mediated the relationship between customer orientation and turnover intention. Suggestions were made to the managers of the lodging firms in accordance with research findings
Anahtar Kelime:

Konular: İş Otelcilik, Konaklama, Spor ve Turizm İşletme
Belge Türü: Makale Makale Türü: Araştırma Makalesi Erişim Türü: Erişime Açık
  • Agho, A. O., Price, J. L. ve Mueller ,C. W. (1993). Determi- nants of Employee Job Satisfaction: An Empirical Test of A Casual Model, Human Relations, 46: 1007-1027.
  • AlBattat, A.R.S ve Som, A.P.M. (2013). Employee Dissatisfac- tion And Turnover Crises in The Malaysian Hospitality Industry, International Journal Of Business and Manage- ment, 5: 62-71.
  • Alexandrov, A., Babakuş, E. ve Yavaş, U. (2007). The Effects Of Perceived Management Concern For Frontline Employees And Customers On Turnover Intentions: Moderating Role of Employment Status, Journal of Ser- vice Research, 9 (4): 356--371.
  • Babakuş, E. ve Yavaş, U. (2012). Customer Orientation as a Buffer Against Job Burnout, The Service Industries Jour- nal, 32 (1): 5-16.
  • Babakuş, E., Yavaş, U. ve Ashill, N. J. (2009). The Role Of Customer Orientation As A Moderator Of The Job De- mand-Burnout-Performance Relationship: A Surface- Level Trait Perspective, Journal of Retailing, 8 (4): 480-492.
  • Babbie, E. (2001). The Practice of Social Research. Londra: Wads- worth Thomson Learning.
  • Baron, R. M., ve Kenny, D. A. (1986). The Moderator-Medi- ator Variable Distinction in Social Psychological Re- search: Conceptual, Strategic, and Statistical Conside- rations, Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 51: 1173-1182.
  • Bernard, H. R. (2000). Social Research Methods. Londra: Sage Yayınları.
  • Bitner, M. J., Booms, B. H. ve Tetreault, M. S. (1990). The Ser- vice Encounter: Diagnosing Favorable And Unfavorab- le Incidents, Journal of Marketing, 54 (1): 71-84.
  • Bollen, K. A. (1989). Structural Equations With Latent Variables. New York: Wiley.
  • Bouchard, T. J. Jr ve McGue, M. (2003). Genetic and Environ- mental Influences On Human Pychological Differen- ces, Journal of Neurobioogy, 54: 4-45.
  • Brach, S., Walsh, G., Hennig-Thurau, T. ve Groth, M. (2013). A Dyadic Model of Customer Orientation: Mediation and Moderation Effects, British Journal of Management. DOI: 10.1111/1467-8551.12049.
  • Brayfield, A. H. ve Rothe, H. F. (1951). An Index Of Job Satis- faction, Journal of Applied Psychology, 35: 307-311.
  • Brief, A. P. (1998). Attitudes in And Around Organizations. Tho- usand Oaks, CA: Sage.
  • Brown, T. J., Mowen, J. C., Donavan, D. T. ve Licata, J. W. (2002). The Customer Orientation Of Service Workers: Personality Trait Effects On Self And Superior Perfor- mance Raitings, Journal of Marketing Research, 39 (1): 110- 119.
  • Carson, K. D. ve Bedeian, A.G. (1994). Career Commitment: Construction Of A Measure And Examination Of its Psychometric Properties, Journal of Vocational Behavior, 44: 237-262.
  • Chalkiti K. ve Sigala, M. (2010). Staff Turnover in The Greek Tourism Industry, International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, 22 (3): 335-359.
  • Chandrasekhar, S. F. (2001). Service Orientation And Persis- tence At Work: A Study of Corporate Hospital Emplo- yees, Journal of Management Research, 1 (2): 79- 86.
  • Chen, Y. J. (2007). Relationships Among Service Orientati- on, Job Satisfaction, and Organizational Commitment in The International Tourist Hotel Industry, Journal Of American Academy of Business, 11 (2): 71-82.
  • Cloninger, S. (2009). Conceptual Issues in Personality Psycho- logy. İçinde P.J. Corr ve G. Matthews (Editörler), The Cambridge Handbook of Personality Psychology (ss. 3-26). Cambridge: Cambridge Üniversitesi Yayınları.
  • Cran, D. J. (1994). Towards Validation Of The Service Orien- tation Construct, The Service Industries Journal, 14 (1): 34-44.
  • Cranny, C. J., Smith, P. C. ve Stone, E. F. (1992). Job Satisfacti- on: How People Feel About Their Jobs And How it Affects Their Performance. New York: Lexington.
  • Davidson, M. C. G., Timo, N. ve Wang, Y. (2010). How Much Does Labour Turnover Cost?, International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, 22 (4): 451-466.
  • Değermen, A. (2008). Hizmet Personelinin Müşteri Odaklı Davranışlarının Müşterilerin Algılamaları Üzerindeki Etkisinin Saptanmasına Yönelik Bir Araştırma, Öneri Dergisi, 8 (30): 185-193.
  • Deery, M. (2008). Talent Management, Work-Life Balance And Retention Strategies, International Journal of Con- temporary Hospitality Management, 20 (7): 792-806.
  • DeYoung, C. G ve Gray, J. R. (2009). Personality Neurosci- ence: Explaining Individual Differences in Affect, Be- haviour and Cognition. İçinde P. J. Corr ve G. Matt- hews (Editörler), The Cambridge Handbook of Personality Psychology (ss. 323-346). Cambridge: Cambridge Üni- versitesi Yayınları.
  • Donavan, D. T., Brown, T. J. ve Mowen, J. C. (2004). Internal Benefits of Service-Worker Customer Orientation: Job Satisfaction, Commitment, And Organizational Citi- zenship Behaviors, Journal of Marketing, 68 (1): 128-146.
  • Edwards, J. R. (2008). Person-Environment Fit In Organizati- ons: An Assessment Of Theoretical Progress, Academy of Management Annals, 2: 167-230.
  • Edwards, J. R. ve Lambert, L. S. (2007). Methods for Integra- ting Moderation and Mediation: A Generalanalytical Framework Using Moderated Path Analysis, Psycholo- gical Methods, 12: 1-22.
  • Edwards, J. R. ve Shipp, A. J. (2007). The Relationship betwe- en Person-Environment Fit and Outcomes: An Integra- tive Theoretical Framework. İçinde C. Ostroff ve T. A. Judge (Editörler), Perspectives on Organizational Fit (ss. 209-258). San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass.
  • Enz, Cathy A. (2001). What Keeps You Up At Night? Key Issu- es Of Concern For Lodging Managers, Cornell Hotel and Restaurant Administration Quarterly, 42 (2): 38-45.
  • Enz, C. A. (2009). Human Resource Management: A Troub- ling Issue For The Global Hotel Industry, Cornell Hospi- tality Quarterly, 50 (4): 578-583.
  • Eurostat. (2013). Statistics in Focus. Industry, Trade And Servi- ces. Luxembourg: Office for Official Publications of the European Communities.
  • Farrell, M. A. ve Oczkowski, E. (2009). Service Worker Cus- tomer Orientation, Organisation/Job Fit and Perceived Organisational Support, Journal of Strategic Marketing, 17 (2): 149-167
  • Gorgievski, M. J., Jonathon R., Halbesleben, B. ve Bakker, A. B. (2011). Introduction: Expanding the Boundaries Of Psychological Resource Theories, Journal of Occupatio- nal and Organizational Psychology, 84: 1-7.
  • Gorgievski, M. J., Jonathon, R., Halbesleben, B. ve Bakker, A. B. (2011). Expanding the Boundaries of Psychological Resource Theories, Journal of Occupational and Organiza- tional Psychology, 84: 1-7.
  • Griffeth, R.W., Hom, P.W. ve Gaertner, S. (2000). A Meta Analysis of Antecedents And Correlates Of Employee Turnover: Update, Moderator Tests, and Research Imp- lications For The Next Millennium, Journal of Manage- ment, 28 (3): 463-488.
  • Gummesson, E. (2008). Customer Centricity: Reality or A Wild Goose Chase?, European Business Review, 20 (4): 315-330.
  • Hair, J. F., Anderson, R. E., Tahtam, R. L. ve Black, W. C. (1998). Multivariate Data Analysis. 5. Baskı. New Jersey: Prentice-Hall International, Inc.
  • Hampson, S. E. (2012). Personality Processes: Mechanisms by Which Personality Traits "Get Outside The Skin", An- nual Review of Psychology, 63: 315-339.
  • Hancock, J. I., Allen, D. G., Bosco, F. A., McDaniel, K. R. ve Pierce, C. A. (2013). Meta-Analytic Review Of Emplo- yee Turnover As A Predictor of Firm Performance, Jo- urnal of Management, 39 (3): 573-603.
  • Harris, E. G., Mowen, J. C. ve Brown, T. J. (2005). Re- Examining Salesperson Goal Orientations: Personality Influencers, Customer Orientation, and Work Satisfac- tion, Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 33 (1): 19-35.
  • Harris, E. G., Artis, A. B., Walters, J. H. ve Licata, J. W. (2006). Role Stressors, Service Worker Job Resourcefullness, And Job Outcomes: An Ampirical Analysis, Journal of Business Research, 59: 407-415.
  • Hartline, M. D. ve Jones, K. C. (1996). Employee Performan- ce Cues in A Hotel Service Environment: Influence On Perceived Service Quality, Value And Word Of Mouth Intentions, Journal of Business Research, 35 (3): 207-215.
  • Hayes, A. F. (2009). Beyond Baron and Kenny: Statistical Me- diation Analysis in The New Millenium, Communicati- on Monographs, 76: 408-420.
  • Hayes, A. F. (2013). An Introduction to Mediation, Moderation, and Conditional Process Analysis: A Regression-Based App- roach. New York, NY: Guilford Yayınları.
  • Hennig-Thurau, T. (2004). Customer Orientation Of Service Employees: Its İmpact On Customer Satisfaction, Com- mitment, and Retention, International Journal of Service Industry Management, 15 (5): 460-478.
  • Hogan, J., Hogan, R. ve Busch, C. M. (1984). How to Measure Service Orientation, Journal of Applied Psyhology, 69 (1): 167-173.
  • Holland, J. L. (1997). Making Vocational Choices: A Theory Of Vocational Personalities And Work Environments. 3. Baskı, Odessa, FL: Psychological Assessment Resources.
  • Holtom, B. C., Mitchell, T. R., Lee, T. W. ve Eberly, M. B. (2008). Turnover and Retention Research. İçinde J. P. Walsh ve A. P. Brief (Editörler), Academy of Management Annals, 2, (ss. 231-274). Essex, U.K.: Routledge.
  • Hom, P. W., Mitchell, T., Lee, T. W. ve Griffeth, R. W. (2012). Reviewing Employee Turnover: Focusing On Proximal Withdrawal States and an Expanded Criterion, Psycho- logical Bulletin, 138: 831-858.
  • Homburg, C., Hoyer, W. D. ve Fassnacht, M. (2002). Service Orientation Of A Retailer Business Strategy: Dimensi- on, Antecendents And Performance Outcomes, Journal of Marketing, 66 (44): 86-101.
  • Iddekinge, C. H. V. Roth, P. L., Putka, D. J., Virginia, A. ve Lanivich, S. E. (2011). Are You Interested? A Meta- Analysis Of Relations Between Vocational Interests and Employee Performance And Turnover, Journal of Applied Psychology, 96 (6): 1167-1194.
  • Ifie, K. (2014) Customer Orientation Of Frontline Employees And Organizational Commitment, The Service Industri- es Journal, 34 (8): 699-714.
  • International Labor Organization [ILO]. (2010). Developments and Challenges in the Hospitality And Tourism Sector. Ge- neva: ILO.
  • Iverson, R.D. ve Deery, M. (1997). Turnover Culture in The Hospitality Industry, Human Resource Management Jo- urnal, 7 (4): 71-82.
  • John, O. P., Robins, R. W. ve Pervin, L. A. (2008). Handbook of Personality: Theory And Research. New York, NY: The Guilford Yayınları.
  • Kalaycı, Ş. (2010). Faktör Analizi. İçinde Ş. Kalaycı (Edi- tör) SPSS Uygulamalı Çok Değişkenli Istatistik Teknikleri (ss.321-331). Ankara: Özbaran Ofset.
  • Kanai, R. ve Rees, G. (2011). The Structural Basis Of Inter-In- dividual Differences in Human Behaviour And Cogni- tion, Nature Review Neuroscience, 12: 231-242.
  • Kim, H. J., Shin, K.H. ve Umbreit, W.T. (2007). Hotel Job Bur- nout: The Role Of Personality Characteristics, Hospita- lity Management, 26: 421-434.
  • Kim, T. T., Paek, S., Choi, C. H. ve Lee, G. (2012). Frontline Service Employees' Customer-Related Social Stressors, Emotional Exhaustion, And Service Recovery Perfor- mance: Customer Orientation As A Moderator, Service Business, 6 (4): 503-526.
  • Kim, W. G., Leong, J. K. ve Lee, Y. K. (2005). Effect of Service Orientation On Job Satisfaction, Organizational Com- mitment And Intention Of Leaving in A Casual Dining Chain Restaurant, International Hospitality Management, 24 (2): 171-193.
  • Kohli, A. K. ve Jaworski, B. J. (1990). Market Orientation: The Construct, Research Propositions, and Managerial Implications, Journal of Marketing, 54 (Nisan): 1-18.
  • Kuşluvan, S., Kuşluvan, Z., Ilhan, İ. ve Buyruk, L. (2010). The Human Dimension: A Review Of Human Resources Management Issues in The Tourism And Hospitality Industry, Cornell Hospitality Quarterly, 51 (2): 171- 214.
  • Kuşluvan, S. ve Eren, D. (2011). İşgörenlerin Kişilik Özelliği Olarak Hizmet Verme Yatkınlığı Ve Ölçümü: Bir Litera- tür Taraması, Anatolia: Turizm Araştırmaları Dergisi, 22 (2): 139-153.
  • Kuşluvan, S. ve Kuşluvan, Z. (2004). Turizm İşletmelerinde İş- gören Devri: Anlamı, Türleri Ve Nedenleri, SOID Seya- hat ve Otel İşletmeciliği Dergisi, 1 (1): 28-36.
  • Kuşluvan, S. ve Kuşluvan, Z. (2005). Otel İşletmelerinde İş Ve İşletme İle İlgili Faktörlerin İşgören Tatmini Üzerin- deki Görece Etkisi: Nevşehir Örneği, Anatolia: Turizm Araştırmaları Dergisi, 16 (2): 183-203.
  • LaLopa, J. (1997). Commitment and Turnover in Resorts Jobs, Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Research, 21 (2): 11-26.
  • Lam, T., Zhang, H. ve Baum, T. (2001). An Investigation Of Employees' Job Satisfaction:The Case Of Hotels in Hong Kong, Tourism Management, 22 (2): 157-165.
  • Lee-Ross, D. (2000). Development Of The Service Predisposi- tion Instrument, Journal of Managerial Psychology, 15 (2): 148-157.
  • Lewin, K. (1951). Field Theory in Social Science. Harper Row, New York.
  • Liu, D., Mitchell, T. R., Lee, T. W., Holtom, B. C. ve Hinkin, T. R. (2012).When Employees Are Out Of Step With Co- workers: How Job Satisfaction Trajectory and Disper- sion Influence Individual- And Unit-Level Voluntary Turnover, Academy of Management Journal, 55 (6): 1360- 1380.
  • Locke, E. A. (1976). The nature And Causes Of Job Satisfacti- on. İçinde Dunnette, M.D.(Editör), Handbook of Indust- rial and Organizational Psychology, (ss.1297-1343). Chica- go, IL: Rand McNally.
  • Lu, H., Barriball, K. L., Zhang, X. ve While, A. E. (2012). Job Satisfaction Among Hospital Nurses Revisited: A Systematic Review, International Journal Of Nursing Studies, 49: 1017-1038.
  • Lytle, R. S., Hom, P. V. ve Mokwa, M. P. (1998). Serv*or: A Managerial Measure of Organizational Service Orien- tation, Journal of Retailing, 74 (4): 455-489.
  • Maertz, C. P. ve Champion, M. A. (1998). 25 Years of Volun- tary Turnover Research: A Review And Critique, İçin- de Cooper, C.L. ve Robertson, I.T. (Editörler), Interna- tional Review of Industrial and Organisational Psychology, New York, NY: Wiley, ss. 49-81.
  • Marin-Garcia, J. A., Bonaviab, T. ve Losilla, J. M. (2011). Exp- loring Working Conditions As Determinants Of Job Sa- tisfaction: An Empirical Test Among Catalonia Service Workers, The Service Industries Journal, 31 (12): 2051- 2066.
  • Mars, G., Bryant, D. T. ve Mitchell, P. (1979). Manpower Prob- lems in the Hotel and Catering Industry. Farnborough, UK: Gower.
  • McCrae, R. R., ve Costa, P. T., Jr. (1996). Toward A New Ge- neration Of Personality Theories: Theoretical Contexts For The Five-Factor Model. İçinde J. S. Wiggins (Edi- tör), The Five-Factor Model of Personality: Theoretical Pers- pectives (ss. 51-87). New York, NY: Guilford.
  • Mischel, W. ve Ayduk, O. (2002). Self-Regulation in A Cogni- tive-Affective Personality System: Attentional Control in the Service of the Self, Special Issue: Self and Identity, 1: 113-120.
  • Mischel, W. ve Shoda, Y. (1998). Reconciling Processing Dynamics and Personality Dispositions, Annual Review of Psychology, 49: 229-258.
  • Mischel, W. ve Shoda, Y. A. (1995). Cognitive-Affective System Theory of Personality: Reconceptualizing Situ- ations, Dispositions, Dynamics, and Invariance in Per- sonality Structure, Psychological Review, 102: 246-268.
  • Mok, C. ve Finley, D. A. (1986). Job Satisfaction And its Rela- tionship To Demographics And Turnover Of Hotel Fo- odservice Workers in Hong Kong, International Journal of Hospitality Management, 5 (2): 71-78.
  • Özdemir, A. (2010). Yönetim Biliminde İleri Araştırma Yöntemle- ri ve Uygulamaları. İstanbul: Beta Basım Yayım Dağıtım.
  • Pedhazur, E. J. (1997). Multiple Regression in Behavioral Rese- arch. 3. Baskı. Orlando, FL: Harcourt Brace.
  • Pervin, L. A. ve John, O. P. (1997). Personality: Theory and Rese- arch. 7. Baskı. New York: John Wiley.
  • Peterson, R. A. (1994). A Meta-Analysis Of Cronbach's Coef- ficient Alpha, Journal o Consumer Research, 21: 381-391.
  • Preacher, K. J. ve Hayes, A. F. (2008). Asymptotic and Re- sampling Strategies For Assessing And Comparing Indirect Effects In Multiple Mediator Models, Behavior Research Methods, 40: 879-891.
  • Preacher, K. J., Rucker, D. D. ve Hayes, A. F. (2007). Assessing Moderated Mediation Hypotheses: Theory, Methods, and Prescriptions, Multivariate Behavioral Research, 42: 185-227.
  • Price, J. L. (1997). Handbook of Organizational Measurement, International Journal of Manpower, 18 (4/5/6): 305-558.
  • Riegel, C. D. (1995). Turnover: A Conceptonal Model. İçinde D.G. Rutherford (Editör) Hotel Management and Opera- tions, (ss.433-438), New York: John Willey.
  • Rod, M. ve Ashill, N. J. (2010). The Effects Of Customer Ori- entation On Frontline Employee Job Outcomes in A New Public Management Context, Marketing Intelligen- ce & Planning, 28 (5): 600-624.
  • Saari, L. Ve Judge, T. (2004). Employee Attitudes and Job Sa- tisfaction, Human Resource Management, 43 (4): 395-407.
  • Saxe, R. ve Weitz, B. A. (1982). The SOCO Scale: A Measure of The Customer Orientation Of Salespeople, Journal of Marketing Research, 19 (3): 343-351.
  • Schneider, B., Parkington, J. J. ve Buxton, V. M. (1980). Emplo- yee and Customer Perceptions of Service in Banks, Ad- ministrative Science Quarterly, 25: 252-267.
  • Schneider, B., Smith, D. B., Taylor, S. ve Fleenor, J. (1998). Per- sonality and Organizations: A Test of the Homogeneity of Personality Hypothesis, Journal of Applied Psychology, 83: 462-470.
  • Shafer, A. B. (2000). Mediation of the Big Five's Effect On Ca- reer Decision Making By Life Task Dimensions And On Money Attitudes By Materialism, Personality and Indivi- dual Differences, 28: 93-109.
  • Silva, P. (2006). Effects of Disposition on Hospitality Emp- loyee Job Satisfaction and Commitment, International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, 18 (4): 317-328.
  • Spector, P. (1997). Job Satisfaction: Application, Assessment, Cau- ses and Consequences. California: Sage.
  • Spector, P. A. ve Brannick, M. T. (2011). Methodological Ur- ban Legends: The Misuse of Statistical Control Variab- les, Organizational Research Methods, 14 (2): 287-305.
  • Swider, W. ve Zimmerman, R. D. (2010). Born to Burnout: A Meta-Analytic Path Model Of Personality, Job Burnout And Work Outcomes, Journal of Vocational Behavior, 76: 487-506.
  • Tett, R. P. ve Meyer, J. P. (1993). Job Satisfaction, Organizati- onal Commitment, Turnover Intention, And Turnover: Path Analyses Based On Meta-Analytic Findings, Per- sonnel Psychology, 46: 259-293.
  • Tracey, J. B. ve Hinkin, T. R. (2006). The Costs Of Employee Turnover: When The Devil is in The Details, Cornell Hospitality Report, 6 (15): 4-13.
  • Tracey, J. B. ve Hinkin, T. R. (2008). Contextual Factors and Cost Profiles Associated With Employee Turnover, Cornell Hospitality Quarterly, 49 (1): 12-27.
  • US Department of Labor Statistics. (2012). Table 5. Median years of tenure with current employer for employed wage and salary workers by industry, selected years, 2002-12 www.bls.gov/news.release/tenure.t05.htm adre- sinden alınmıştır. Erişim tarihi: 05.06.2014
  • Uzkurt, C. ve Torlak, Ö. (2007). İşletmelerin Müşteri Değeri Yaratma Çabaları Üzerinde Öğrenme Ve Pazar Odaklı Kültürün Etkileri, H. Ü. İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Dergisi, 25 (1): 239- 257.
  • Van de Vijver, F. ve Hambleton, R. (1996). Translating Tests: Somer Practical Guidelines, European Psychologist, 1 (2): 89-99.
  • Vandenberg, R. J. ve Nelson, J. B. (1999). Disaggregating the Motives Underlying Turnover Intentions: When Do In- tentions Predict Turnover Behavior?, Human Relations, 52: 1313-1336.
  • Weinstein, T. A. R., Capitanio, J. P. ve Gosling, S. D. (2008). Personality in Animals. İçinde O. P. John; R. W. Robins ve L. A. Pervin (Editörler), Handbook of Personality: The- ory and Research (ss. 328- 350), New York: The Guilford Yayınları.
  • Xanthopoulou, D., Bakker, A. B., Demerouti, E. ve Schaufeli, W. B. (2009). Reciprocal Relationships Between Job Re- sources, Personal Resources, And Work Engagement, Journal of Vocational Behavior, 74: 235-244.
  • Yang, J. T. (2010). Antecedents and Consequences Of Job Sa- tisfaction in The Hotel Industry, International Journal of Hospitality Management, 29: 609-619.
  • Yang, J. T., Wan,.C. S. Fu, Y. J. (2012). Qualitative examination of employee turnover and retention strategies in inter- national tourist hotels in Taiwan, International Journal Of Hospitality Management, 31 (3): 837-848.
  • Yıldırım, M. (2009). Kamu Yönetiminde Yeni Bir İkilem: Yurt- taş Odaklılık ya da Müşteri Odaklılık, C. Ü. İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Dergisi, 10 (1): 99-115.
  • Yoo, J. J. ve Arnold, T. J. (2014). Customer Orientation, Enga- gement, And Developing Positive Emotional Labor, The Service Industries Journal, 34 (16): 1272-1288
  • Yoon, J. ve Thye, S. R. (2002). A Dual Process Model Of Orga- nizational Commitment: Job Satisfaction And Organi- zational Support, Work and Occupations, 29 (1): 97-124.
  • Zablah, A. R., Franke, G. R., Brown, T. J. ve Bartholomew, D. E. (2012). How and When Does Customer Orientation Influence Frontline Employee Job Outcomes: A Meta Analytic Evaluation, Journal of Marketing, 76: 1-52.
  • Zimmerman, R. D. (2008). Understanding the Impact of Per- sonality Traits on Individuals' Turnover Decisions: A Meta Analytic Path Model, Personnel Psychology, 61: 309-348.
  • Zhao, X., Lynch, J. G., Jr. ve Chen, Q. (2010). Reconsidering Baron and Kenny: Myths and Truths About Mediation Analysis, Journal Of Consumer Research, 37: 197-206.
  • Zopiatis, A., Constanti, P. ve Theocharous A. L. (2014). Job Involvement, Commitment, Satisfaction and Turnover: Evidence from Hotel Employees in Cyprus, Tourism Management, 41: 129-140.
APA Kusluvan S, BAŞODA A, KUŞLUVAN H (2016). Konaklama İşletmelerinde Çalışanların Müşteri Odaklılığının İşgören Devrine Etkisi: İş Tatmininin Aracılık Rolü. , 79 - 95.
Chicago Kusluvan Salih,BAŞODA Alaattin,KUŞLUVAN Hediye Konaklama İşletmelerinde Çalışanların Müşteri Odaklılığının İşgören Devrine Etkisi: İş Tatmininin Aracılık Rolü. (2016): 79 - 95.
MLA Kusluvan Salih,BAŞODA Alaattin,KUŞLUVAN Hediye Konaklama İşletmelerinde Çalışanların Müşteri Odaklılığının İşgören Devrine Etkisi: İş Tatmininin Aracılık Rolü. , 2016, ss.79 - 95.
AMA Kusluvan S,BAŞODA A,KUŞLUVAN H Konaklama İşletmelerinde Çalışanların Müşteri Odaklılığının İşgören Devrine Etkisi: İş Tatmininin Aracılık Rolü. . 2016; 79 - 95.
Vancouver Kusluvan S,BAŞODA A,KUŞLUVAN H Konaklama İşletmelerinde Çalışanların Müşteri Odaklılığının İşgören Devrine Etkisi: İş Tatmininin Aracılık Rolü. . 2016; 79 - 95.
IEEE Kusluvan S,BAŞODA A,KUŞLUVAN H "Konaklama İşletmelerinde Çalışanların Müşteri Odaklılığının İşgören Devrine Etkisi: İş Tatmininin Aracılık Rolü." , ss.79 - 95, 2016.
ISNAD Kusluvan, Salih vd. "Konaklama İşletmelerinde Çalışanların Müşteri Odaklılığının İşgören Devrine Etkisi: İş Tatmininin Aracılık Rolü". (2016), 79-95.
APA Kusluvan S, BAŞODA A, KUŞLUVAN H (2016). Konaklama İşletmelerinde Çalışanların Müşteri Odaklılığının İşgören Devrine Etkisi: İş Tatmininin Aracılık Rolü. Anatolia: Turizm Araştırmaları Dergisi, 27(1), 79 - 95.
Chicago Kusluvan Salih,BAŞODA Alaattin,KUŞLUVAN Hediye Konaklama İşletmelerinde Çalışanların Müşteri Odaklılığının İşgören Devrine Etkisi: İş Tatmininin Aracılık Rolü. Anatolia: Turizm Araştırmaları Dergisi 27, no.1 (2016): 79 - 95.
MLA Kusluvan Salih,BAŞODA Alaattin,KUŞLUVAN Hediye Konaklama İşletmelerinde Çalışanların Müşteri Odaklılığının İşgören Devrine Etkisi: İş Tatmininin Aracılık Rolü. Anatolia: Turizm Araştırmaları Dergisi, vol.27, no.1, 2016, ss.79 - 95.
AMA Kusluvan S,BAŞODA A,KUŞLUVAN H Konaklama İşletmelerinde Çalışanların Müşteri Odaklılığının İşgören Devrine Etkisi: İş Tatmininin Aracılık Rolü. Anatolia: Turizm Araştırmaları Dergisi. 2016; 27(1): 79 - 95.
Vancouver Kusluvan S,BAŞODA A,KUŞLUVAN H Konaklama İşletmelerinde Çalışanların Müşteri Odaklılığının İşgören Devrine Etkisi: İş Tatmininin Aracılık Rolü. Anatolia: Turizm Araştırmaları Dergisi. 2016; 27(1): 79 - 95.
IEEE Kusluvan S,BAŞODA A,KUŞLUVAN H "Konaklama İşletmelerinde Çalışanların Müşteri Odaklılığının İşgören Devrine Etkisi: İş Tatmininin Aracılık Rolü." Anatolia: Turizm Araştırmaları Dergisi, 27, ss.79 - 95, 2016.
ISNAD Kusluvan, Salih vd. "Konaklama İşletmelerinde Çalışanların Müşteri Odaklılığının İşgören Devrine Etkisi: İş Tatmininin Aracılık Rolü". Anatolia: Turizm Araştırmaları Dergisi 27/1 (2016), 79-95.