Purpose: The objective of the study was to evaluate the refractive outcome in corrected distance visual acuity (CDVA) of adult amblyopic eyes after Wavefront Excimer Laser Correction (WELC) surgery and determine the pre-operative factors that affect the possible visual improvement. Methods: Sixty-two patients (>21 years) with refractive anisometropic, ametropic amblyopia who underwent WELC surgery between 2014 and 2021 in our clinic were enrolled. Patients with an ocular pathology causing a decrease in vision, abnormal corneal topography, abnormal slit lamp, and fundus examinations were excluded from the study. Medical records of the pre-operative and post-operative 6th month–1 year were retrospectively reviewed for CDVA values, refractive status under cycloplegia, manifest refraction values, the binocular sensory status, and the near stereoacuity measurements. The statistical analyses were held by IBM® SPSS® Statistics 19.0 (SPSS Inc., Chicago IL, USA). Results: Sixty-two eyes of 62 patients were included in the study. Correlation analysis revealed that pre-operative logMAR CDVA (r=0.495, p=0.04) and pre-operative astigmatism values (r=0.563, p=0.03) had a statistically significant correlation with increase in visual acuity. It was observed that more significant increase in CDVA was obtained in the high astigmatism (≥3D) group (p=0.045). No statistically significant correlations were detected between post-operative increase in CDVA and age (r=–0.08, p=0.78) and type of refractive error (r=–0.19, p=0.50). There was a significant improvement in near stereoacuity measurements postoperatively (p<0.05). Conclusion: Improvement in CDVA and binocular function was observed in all adult amblyopic eyes after WELC. In adult amblyopic patients, WELC surgery of refractive errors can be an alternative treatment technique.

The aim of the study was to report a patient who developed acute non-arteritic ischemic optic neuropathy following conjunctival melanoma excisional biopsy. An otherwise healthy 55-year-old man presented with a 3-month history of progressively growing pigmented lesion in the left eye. Clinical examination revealed a dark pigmented conjunctival lesion adjacent to temporal limbus with an evident feeder vessel. With the initial diagnosis of conjunctival melanoma; excisional biopsy, alcohol epitheliectomy, cryotherapy (double-thaw), episclerectomy, and amniotic membrane transplantation for ocular surface reconstruction were performed. Histopathological examination confirmed the diagnosis. Four months after surgical intervention, sudden visual loss in the operated eye occurred. According to detailed neuro-ophthalmological examination, patient was diagnosed as acute non-arteritic ischemic optic neuropathy. Non-arteritic ischemic optic neuropathy is a multifactorial disease and may occur after several ophthalmic surgeries. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first reported case of non-arteritic ischemic optic neuropathy following conjunctival melanoma excision.

A 6-year-old boy with left proptosis which was realized 2 months earlier was evaluated. The left eye movements were restricted in all gaze positions. The left lacrimal gland was hypertrophic on examination. An orbital magnetic resonance imaging revealed a mass lesion starting from the lacrimal gland region extending through the superior and lateral orbit causing a pressure on the lateral rectus muscle. An incisional biopsy from both the lacrimal gland and the orbital part of the mass revealed no tumor cells but minimally inflamed lacrimal gland tissue which supported an ectopic lacrimal gland in the orbit. Although rare, ectopic lacrimal gland of the orbit might mimic orbital malignancies in children. Histopathologic confirmation is mandatory for differential diagnosis.

A 53-year-old woman underwent to the right uncomplicated cataract surgery and a trifocal intraocular lens (IOL) implantation. Twenty-six days after the surgery, the patient was admitted to our department with reduced vision. Slit-lamp examination of anterior chamber showed a clear cornea with deep anterior chamber and a centralized IOL. Fundus examination showed macular hole-like lesion in the fovea. Optic coherence tomography showed parafoveal edema, photoreceptor integrity line disruption, and outer retinal atrophy in the fovea. Fluorescein angiography showed corresponding areas of hyperfluorescence without leakage, consistent with phototoxic maculopathy resulting from the operating microscope. She had been diagnosed with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) 10 years ago. We aimed to present a patient who had profound visual loss secondary to presumed macular phototoxicity following cataract extraction and IOL implantation possibly related to underlying SLE. Patients with SLE may be prone to phototoxic damage during eye surgery.

Graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) is an important problem of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Dry eye disease (DED) is one of the most common complications of ocular GVHD, and patients experience symptoms such as blurred vision, photophobia, sand stinging, pain, burning, and redness. DED can progress to keratopathy, ulceration, and visual loss if treatment is delayed or appropriate treatment cannot be arranged. Treatment of people with GVHD needs a multidisciplinary approach to ensure early diagnosis and to recognize all clinical signs of GVHD and to define disorder category and severity. The aim of the treatment is to improve the quality and quantity of tears, to protect the corneal epithelial integrity, and to reduce the inflammation on the ocular surface to reduce the severity of the symptoms and prevent their progression. In conclusion, patients with GVHD should be evaluated ophthalmologically very carefully, especially the condition of the ocular surface and the findings of DED before and after transplantation, and it is important to carry out ophthalmological examinations and follow-up of these patients at regular intervals. Thus, early diagnosis, prevention of possible complication, and correct planning of treatment, when necessary, are very important before serious, perhaps permanent, and life-threatening consequences are experienced.

Purpose: The objective of the study is to evaluate the effect of mask use on tear meniscus (TM) measurements obtained by anterior segment optical coherence tomography (AS-OCT) and on conventional dry eye tests. Methods: Right eyes of 86 healthy individuals were included in the study. Lower TM parameters were measured with ASOCT and TM height (TMH) and depth (TMD) were calculated with facial masks on and 1 h after taking the masks off. Schirmer’s and tear break up time (TBUT) tests were measured under the same circumstances. Results: Mean age of the individuals was 34.4±9.6 years. Of the 86 individuals, 40 (46.5%) were male and 46 (53.5%) were female. Mean age did not differ between genders (p=0.309). Mean TMH and TMD were significantly lower in individuals with face mask (p<0.001, p<0.001, respectively). TBUT score was significantly lower in individuals with face mask (p<0.001). The mean Schirmer score did not significantly change between measurements (p=0.471). The mean mask on and mask off TMH, TMD, Schirmer’s test, and TBUT outcomes did not significantly differ between males and females in the study (p>0.05 for all). Conclusion: Wearing facial masks seem to affect the TM parameters and decrease TBUT of the patients. This may explain the irritation symptoms in the eyes of the patients when using masks. Appropriate measurements should be taken in order to relieve these ocular symptoms, since wearing masks become a daily routine of our lives for protection against airborne pathogens.

Purpose: The relationship between retinal vein occlusion (RVO) and hematologic parameters has been previously demonstrated. However, there is lacking data regarding the role of C-reactive protein (CRP) to Albumin Ratio (CAR) in patients with RVO. In this study, we aimed to investigate the relationship between CAR and RVO. Methods: A total of 126 people were included in our study, including 63 patients diagnosed with central RVO (CRVO) in our hospital and 63 control patients. All clinical, demographical, and laboratory parameters were entered into a dataset and compared between the CRVO group and the controls. Results: The mean age of the patients was 54±11 years (Female: 47.6%). CRP and CAR were significantly higher in patients with CRVO compared to controls (p<0.001, p<0.001, respectively). Logistic regression analysis demonstrated that high CAR level was an independent determinant of CRVO (Odds Ratio: 3.300, 95% Confidence interval: 1.681–6.480; p=0.001). Conclusion: Higher CAR levels may be an associated predictor of CRVO.

Purpose: The purpose of the study was to evaluate the ocular surface and corneal sensitivity in patients with lamellar ichthyosis (LI). Methods: Eleven eyes of 11 patients with LI (Group 1) and 11 eyes of 11 healthy individuals (Group 2) were enrolled into this cross-sectional study. Detailed ophthalmological examination along with ocular surface fluorescein staining with Oxford scoring, tear film break-up time, Schirmer 1 test, ocular surface disease index (OSDI) score assessment, and evaluation of corneal sensitivity with Cochet-Bonnet esthesiometer was performed. Results: The mean ages of Group 1 and Group 2 were 24.54±10.22 years (range, 11–37) and 26±7.53 years (range, 16–40), respectively (p=0.764). Male/female ratio was 5/6 in Group 1 and 4/7 in Group 2. Mean tear film break-up time and the corneal sensitivity of the superior and inferior region of cornea were lower (p=0.00008; p=0.019; and p=0.006, respectively), and OSDI and Oxford scores were significantly higher in Group 1 (p<0.00001 and p=0.002, respectively). No significant difference in terms of Schirmer 1 test and corneal sensitivity of central, temporal, and nasal regions was detected (p>0.5). Conclusion: LI is not only associated with evaporative type dry eye but also decreased corneal sensitivity of peripheric cornea. Therefore, to prevent uninvited complications, LI patients should be examined for dry eye regularly, even if they do not have any complaints.

Purpose: The study aims to evaluate the clinical features and treatment results of patients with Fuchs uveitis syndrome (FUS). Methods: A retrospective chart review was carried out for all the FUS patients who were treated and followed up at the Uvea Unit of our clinic between 2008 and 2019. Demographic data of all patients and best corrected visual acuity (BCVA), intraocular pressure (IOP) values, anterior and posterior segment examination findings at the time of diagnosis, and the complications along with medical and surgical treatments were analyzed. Results: The mean age of 56 patients included in the study was 40.19±9.69 (20–66) years and the mean follow-up period was 25.91±33.86 (1–154) months. The mean BCVA was 0.43±0.73 (0–3.1) LogMAR, and the mean IOP value was 17.75±9.64 (8–52) mmHg. At the time of admission, 19.6% patients were under systemic immunosuppressive treatment with corticosteroid and/or immunomodulator agents. The most common presenting symptoms were visual disturbance and blurriness (39.2%). Moreover, the most common complications were cataracts (53.5%) and IOP elevation (26.7%). Phacoemulsification was performed in 50% of eyes with cataracts, and BCVA showed a statistically significant increase postoperatively (p<0.0001). While pressure could be controlled with medical treatment in 73.3% of eyes with high IOP, 26.7% of eyes required glaucoma surgery. BCVA was found <2.10 logMAR in 20% eyes with glaucoma at the last visit. Conclusion: In eyes with FUS, the most common presenting symptom was visual loss and blurriness and the most common complications were cataract and IOP elevation. While the surgical treatment of cataracts can be successfully performed, blindness may develop in eyes with glaucoma despite treatment. Therefore, early diagnosis is essential to prevent unnecessary steroid use in these cases.

Purpose: The study aims to evaluate the function and morphology of the meibomian glands and tear function tests in patients with unilateral glaucoma. Methods: The files of 1100 glaucoma patients attending, Ophthalmology clinic from 2014 to 2018 were screened. In total, 38 eyes from 38 out of 84 patients using antiglaucomatous agents in one eye who abided by the criteria and accepted participation were included in the study. After general ophthalmologic examination including best corrected visual acuity, biomicroscopic and ophthalmoscopic examination, ocular surface disease index (OSDI) survey, tear osmolarity, noninvasive tear breakup time (NITBUT), meibography (MEBG) and lower lid tear meniscus height (TMH) measurement, followed by Schirmer test and tear breakup time (TBUT) were measured, respectively. Results: With mean age of 68.6±12.8 years, 13 patients (34.3%) were female and 25 were male (65.7%). Mean duration of medication use was 37.97 months with mean OSDI score of 33.76±16.2 C4.10–77). The difference between NITBUT and atrophy percentage of meibomian glands in glaucomatous and control eyes was identified to be significant (NITBUT: 9.08±2.98; 12.01±4.30; p=0.001, MEBG 41.15%±14.04%, 28.33%±11.77%, p=0.001). A significant decrease was observed for TMH, TBUT and Schirmer test for eyes administered drops compared to control eyes (p=0.001; p=0.0001; p=0.009, respectively) and tear osmolarity was identified to be significantly high (p=0.0001). Conclusion: In addition to the negative effects of topical antiglaucomatous drops on tear aqueous components, patients should be monitored for dry eye findings as closely as for intraocular pressure and popularizing the use of preservative-free medications is important in terms of patients’ treatment compliance.

Basın, var olduğu günden itibaren iktidarların ilgisini üzerine çekmiştir. Yapısı itibariyle halkı etkileme potansiyeli olan bu ürüne iktidarlar kayıtsız kalamamıştır. Etki alanının genişliği hakkında yeterli bilgiye sahip olunmaması, basın ile iktidar arasındaki ilişkinin tarihsel süreçte birçok kırılma yaşamasına sebep olmuştur. Çizgisel bir gelişim göstermemekle birlikte iktidarların basın üzerindeki etkileri tarihsel süreç içerisinde basın lehine hafiflemiştir. Osmanlı Devleti’nde basının gelişimi Avrupalı çağdaşlarına göre geç yaşanmıştır. Avrupa’da ilk gazeteler ortaya çıktığında Osmanlı Devleti’nde henüz Türkler tarafından matbaa dahi açılmamıştı. Bu sebeple Avrupa basınının özgürlük alanını genişlettiği dönem, Osmanlı Devleti’nde basının kontrol altına alınması ve devamında sansürün yoğunlaştığı zamana denk gelmiştir. II. Abdülhamit’in yönetim anlayışı basının kontrol altında tutulmasına uygun olduğundan, yerli basın hareket kabiliyetini kaybederken Avrupa’daki Türkçe yayınlar dönemin Türk basınının lokomotifi halini almıştır. Bununla birlikte II. Abdülhamit dönemi yurtiçi basınının hiçbir etkisinin olmadığı da söylenmemelidir. Her şeyden önce Osmanlı Devleti sınırları içinde basın tarihinin kesintiye uğramamasına vesile olmuşlardır. İlaveten jurnalciliğin adeta meslek haline geldiği ve sansürün dozunun olabildiğince arttığı bir ortamda kendilerine has yöntemler geliştirerek varlıklarını devam ettirmişlerdir. Yurtiçi siyasi olaylara girmeksizin satışlarını belli seviyelerde tutmayı başarmış, aldıkları tahsisatlarla iktidarın beslemesi eleştirilerine rağmen mesleklerini sürdürmüşlerdir. İkdâm da aynı atmosferin ürünü olarak çağdaşı basın ürünlerinin yaşadıklarından nasibini almıştır. Bu yönüyle dönemin basın-iktidar ilişkilerine ayna tutacak verilere sahiptir.

Isolated orbital fungal lesions is an uncommon entity as the already reported cases are secondary to the involvement of paranasal sinuses especially in immunocompetent healthy individuals. Even though it is rare and the paranasal sinuses are the primary site of inoculation of the infective organism, it is a serious infection that may first present to an ophthalmologist. Here, we report a case of an isolated orbital fungal granuloma of a 42-year-old immunocompetent female who exhibited protrusion and watering of the left eye with no vision loss. The patient was diagnosed with an ovoid well-defined solid lesion in the medial extraconal compartment of left eye in magnetic resonance imaging orbit and a hyperdense lesion with erosion of medial orbital wall in computerized tomography nose and paranasal sinus. The patient underwent endoscopic exploration with biopsy which revealed the lesion to be necrotizing fungal granuloma. The patient was put on oral antifungals over a course of 3 months. There was a complete resolution of symptoms at the end of 1-year follow-up.

Karikatür bir düşüncenin ya da bir olayın komik yönlerini ön plana çıkartıp eleştirel bir yorumlama imkânı sunarak insanları güldürürken düşündürmeyi hedefleyen bir mizah türüdür. Karikatürlerde başta siyasi, sosyal, toplumsal, ekonomik vb. olaylar çizimler ve kısa ifadeler kullanılarak bir takım önemli özetlemeler yapılmaktadır. Almanya’nın en büyük göçmen grubu olan Türklerle ilgili Alman basınında her yıl çok sayıda karikatür yayınlanmaktadır. Bu karikatürlerde Almanya’da yaşayan Türklerin nasıl yansıtıldığı önemli bir konu olarak karşımıza çıkmaktadır. Bu bağlamda bu çalışma ile Alman karikatüristlerin Türkleri nasıl ele aldıklarının futbol ve din odağından tespit edilmesi hedeflenmiştir. Bu kapsamda 2011 yılında Türkiye Cumhuriyeti Başbakanlık Yurtdışı Türkler ve Akraba Topluluklar Başkanlığı tarafından Türklerin Almanya’ya göçünün 50. yılında düzenlenen etkinlikler çerçevesinde “50 Yıl 50 Karikatür: Alman Karikatüristlerinin Gözüyle Türkler” başlıklı sergide yer alan ve pek çoğu Almanya’nın saygın yazılı basın organlarında yayınlanmış olan futbol ve din ile ilgili karikatürler rastlantısal olarak seçilmiştir. Bu karikatürler Van Dijk'ın eleştirel söylem analizi ve göstergebilimsel çözümleme yöntemleri kullanılarak incelenmiştir. Futbol ile ilgili karikatürler değerlendirildiğinde Almanya’da yaşayan Türklerin 2010 yılındaki Avrupa Şampiyonası müsabakalarında hem Türkiye’yi hem de Almanya’yı desteklemeleri onların bu bağlamda Almanya’ya entegre oldukları fikrinin ortaya çıkmasına neden olmuştur. Bu durum karikatürlerde de vurgulanmıştır. Dinle ilgili karikatürler değerlendirildiğinde İslam’ın Almanya’da yaygınlaşmaya başlaması neticesinde büyüyenİslamlaşma korkusuna atıf yapılmıştır. İslam inancıyla ilgili bazı Almanların özellikle yetkililerin ne kadar az ve yanlış bilgiye sahip olduğu vurgulanarak bu konuda eleştirel bir söylem geliştirilmiştir.

Objectives: To evaluate the effectiveness of the conjunctival suture tied internally and externally on patient comfort and suture dissolution in the postoperative period in patients who underwent symmetrical strabismus surgery. Methods: In 50 patients who underwent surgery in the Beyoğlu Eye Training and Research Hospital Strabismus Unit, the conjunctiva was closed by tying the conjunctival suture externally in the right eye and internally tying the left eye. Absorbable 8/0 polyglactin suture was used for conjunctival suturing in all patients. Pain, itching, tearing and, discomfort sensations of the patients were questioned and a slit-lamp examination for conjunctival inflammation and dissolution of the suture were evaluated on the postoperative 1st day, 1st week, 1st month, and 6th weeks.Results: Twenty-two patients were female and 28 were male. The mean age of the patients was 7.24 ± 4.83 (range: 4-17) years. When the pain, stinging and discomfort of the patients were questioned, 46% of the patients stated that they felt more comfortable in the left eye on the 1st and 10th days, while 48% of the patients stated that they were equal in both eyes. When we evaluated the melting of the suture and conjunctival redness, it was observed that the suture in the left eye was melted prematurely at a rate of 40% and, the conjunctival redness resolved early in the first month. There were equal pain and redness in both eyes at a rate of 54%. Conclusions: In strabismus surgery, the closure of the conjunctiva by tying the suture internally is thought to increase patient comfort in the postoperative period.

Objectives: The most common opinion about apnea/hypopnea formation in restrictive pulmonary diseases is based on decreased lung volumes causing upper airway collapse. This study targets to reveal some evidence for this pathophysiological pathway in patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) and obstructive sleep apnea (OSA).Methods: The clinical, demographical, and polysomnographic characteristics of 19 patients with OSA and IPF who underwent all-night polysomnography (PSG) were retrospectively evaluated for investigating the correlations between lung volumes calculated on the images of high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) and polysomnographic findings. Supine HRCT images performed at the time of diagnosis of IPF were used for the calculation of total lung volume and low attenuation areas of the lung (LAA). The results were compared with the results of the PSG and pulmonary function tests (PFT).Results: The study group comprised 19 patients (3 female, 16 male) with a median apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) of 23.5/h. AHI in this IPF cohort was not correlated with body-mass index, neck circumference, age, or PFT. However, overall AHI and non-rapid eye movement (non-REM) AHI had a trend of positive correlation with LAA. We also showed a positive correlation between the LAA and forced vital capacity (FVC) (r=0.682 and, p = 0.003).Conclusions: The severity of OSAS in IPF patients is well correlated with LAA. This result supports the gravitational and the volumetric effect of the lung in apnea-hypopnea formation.

Enophthalmos, shallow fornices, and deep superior sulci in the eyelids may be encountered in patients with an anophthalmic socket due to gradual fibrosis of orbital tissues. Herein, a 42-year-old woman presented to our clinic due to dissatisfaction with the sunken appearance of her right upper eyelid. She had undergone evisceration surgery in the past and had been using a prosthesis in the right eye for the last 30 years. Moreover, ophthalmologic examination revealed a deep superior sulcus deformity of the right eyelid. A dermis fat graft was placed and volumetric correction of the right upper eyelid sulcus deformity was performed, which resulted in significant rejuvenation of the upper eyelid sulcus deformity on postoperative follow-up. In conclusion, dermis fat grafts can be used as a safe alternative method for volumetric correction of intraconal or extraconal volume loss that develops in patients with an anophthalmic socket.

Objective: The purpose of the study was to quantify the optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) features of non-proliferative and proliferative macular telangiectasia type 2 (MacTel2). The retinal vessel density (RVD) of the superficial and deep layers of the retina were studied.Methods: This cross-sectional and observational study was carried out at İstanbul Beyoğlu Eye Training and Research Hospital. Patients clinically diagnosed with MacTel2 underwent fundus photography, fluorescein angiography, spectral domain OCT, and OCTA imaging. Superficial and deep RVD in the foveal and parafoveal regions were calculated using device automated software. Results: Thirteen eyes of 8 patients (4 male, 4 female) with a mean age of 64.6±3.8 years were included. The mean RVD of the superficial fovea and parafovea were 30.3%±9.3% and 49.5%±6.4% in non-proliferative MacTel2, compared with 39.4%±3.3% and 43.8%±2.9% in the proliferative MacTel2, respectively. No statistically significant difference was found between non-proliferative and proliferative MacTel2 (p=0.31, p=0.41; respectively). The mean deep foveal and parafoveal RVD was 30.4%±7.8% and 50.7%±3.8% in non-proliferative MacTel2 versus 47.5%±0.2% and 55.3%±8.4% in proliferative MacTel2, respectively. There was a significant difference in deep foveal RVD between proliferative and non-proliferative MacTel2 patients, whereas no difference was found in deep parafoveal RVD (p=0.02 and p=0.23, respectively). Conclusion: The mean deep foveal RVD was significantly higher in proliferative MacTel2 than in non-proliferative MacTel2. Measurement of RVD in the deep retinal layers by OCTA may have diagnostic value in patients with proliferative MacTel2.

İnsan gözü, fizyolojik yapısı itibarıyla tehlikeli çevresel koşullarave maddelere maruz kalan hassas bir organdır. Endüstriyel maddeler, çevresel kimyasallar, kozmetikler, kişisel bakım ürünleri ve yanlış uygulandığı takdirde bazı ilaçlar korneada irritasyona, inflamasyona ve hattagörme kaybına bile neden olabilir. Bu nedenle tehlikeli maddelere maruzkalma riskini azaltmak için ilaçların, kozmetiklerin ve bu ürünlerin içerisinde yer alan bileşenlerin test edilerek, göz irritasyon potansiyellerinindeğerlendirilmesi gerekir. Günümüzde birçok ilaç ve kimyasal maddeningöz üzerindeki etkilerini araştırmak için birçok in vitro yöntem geliştirilmektedir. Bu yöntemlerin en sık kullanılanları “yeniden yapılandırılmışinsan korneası (RhCE)” modelleridir. RhCE modellerinde, insan korneahücreleri veya insan derisi keratinositleri gibi hücreler kullanılabilir. RhCEepitel hücrelerinin kullanıldığı sistemlerle ilgili Ekonomik Kalkınma ve İşbirliği Örgütünün Test Kılavuzu, 492 kılavuz yayımlanmıştır. Ayrıca birçok yeni oküler toksisite doku modelinin, gelecekte kullanıma girmesiiçin çalışmalar devam etmektedir. Ancak ilaç ve biyomedikal sektörlerinde göz irritasyonunu değerlendirmek için hâlâ hayvan deneyleri yapılmaktadır. Diğer taraftan, Avrupa Birliği Kozmetik Komitesi tarafındanonaylanan Kozmetik Direktifi (76/768/EEC) ile 2013’ten itibaren kozmetik bileşenler ve bitmiş ürünler için hayvanlar üzerinde test edilmesitamamen yasaklanmıştır. Kozmetik sektöründe hayvan deneylerinin yasaklanmasıyla birlikte, oküler toksisiteyi değerlendirmek için ex vivo vein vitro birçok alternatif yöntem geliştirilmiştir. Bu derlemede, oküler toksisite test yöntemlerindeki en son gelişmeler hakkındaki bilgiler özetlenecek, yöntemlerin avantajları ve dezavantajları tartışılacaktır.

Objectives: During external dacryocystorhinostomy (DSR) - Bicanalicular silicone tube implantation (BSTI), it is aimed to utilize the mechanical pressure effect due to the initiation of silicone knotting inside the lacrimal sac and evaluate the effectiveness of this modified technique in which the sac and nasal mucosa posterior flaps are not sutured. Methods: Sixty-six patients between the ages of 8-57 years who were admitted to Kartal Lütfi Kırdar Training and Research Hospital and Somalia Mogadishu Recep Tayyip Erdogan Training and Research Hospital Eye Diseases outpatient clinic with irrigation and lacrimal secretion complaints between January 1, 2010 and December 31, 2019 were included in the study. In these patients with lacrimal stenosis, external dacryocystorhinostomy (DSR) and Bicanalicular silicone tube implantation surgery method were applied. Results: A total of 66 patients, 3 males (4.5%) and 63 females (95.5%), were included in this study. The mean age of the patients was 45 (8-57) years. It was determined that 4 of the patients who were followed up for an average of 16 months developed atrophic mucosa due to chronic rhinitis, and 6 developed nasolacrimal ductus obstruction due to excessive wound healing due to young age. Conclusions: When the comfort and complications it provides are evaluated together, this technique emerges as a preferred method.

Orbital myositis is a rare manifestation of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Herein, we report a case of orbital myositis in a patient with SLE, along with a literature review. A 45-year-old female patient presented with pain in the right eye, chemosis, proptosis, and limited abduction. Computed tomog-raphy of her orbits revealed thickening of her right lateral rectus muscle. She had no other systemic symptoms. There was no elevation in the biomarkers of inflammation or disease activity. She was treated with high-dose steroids, and her symptoms resolved rapidly. It is important to maintain a high index of suspicion for orbital myositis in patients with SLE even when there are no systemic disease activities, such that early treatment can be initiated. It is also important to rule out other mimickers such as orbital cellulitis and thyroid eye disease.