The aim of this study is to describe the concepts, principles and thought systems that affect and direct the structure of the Turkish Education System within the historical development process. For this purpose; the scholastic period, the theories of philosophers who produced knowledge within the scope of the modernism and postmodernism processes and the reflections of the philosophical aspect of these theories to the Turkish education system were researched. For that purpose, philosophers, who were influential in the periods of scholastic, modernism and postmodernism, their ideas and philosophical structures which were valid in that period how to shape the education system were explained by using the concept of the cosmic structure. Therefore, philosophical views that the philosophers in the periods advocated initially, the direction to which movement philosophical views lead, and ultimately the developments in the education system of our country are included. Scholastic period, the theological world view that marked in the period; changes in the social structure of modernism, economic, cultural and political changes; postmodernism, on the other hand, was studied on the basis of the movements that marked the philosophy of education in an effort to understand the other under the influence of the globalization process. It has concluded that the cosmic structure wind that started to blow in the west under these study titles influenced and shaped the educational philosophy and movements in our country.