Zihin Engelli, Serebral Palsili ve Otizmli Çocuk Ebeveynlerinin Psikolojik Dayanıklılıkları ile Ebeveynlik Algılarının Karşılaştırılması

Yıl: 2018 Cilt: 37 Sayı: 1 Sayfa Aralığı: 171 - 188 Metin Dili: Türkçe DOI: 10.7822/omuefd.364970 İndeks Tarihi: 05-03-2021

Zihin Engelli, Serebral Palsili ve Otizmli Çocuk Ebeveynlerinin Psikolojik Dayanıklılıkları ile Ebeveynlik Algılarının Karşılaştırılması

Öz:
Bu araştırmanın amacı zihin engelli, serebral palsili ve Otizm Spektrum Bozukluğu olan çocukların ebeveynlerinin psikolojik dayanıklılıkları ile ebeveynlik kendilik algılarının karşılaştırılmasıdır. Bu karşılaştırma için çalışmada betimsel tarama modeli kullanılmıştır. Araştırmanın çalışma grubunu İstanbul ilinde yaşayan özel gereksinimli bireylerin ebeveynleri oluşturmaktadır. 334 ebeveynin katıldığı çalışmada, ebeveynlerin 266’sını anneler, 68’ini ise babalar oluşturmaktadır. Araştırmada Ebeveyn Rolüne İlişkin Kendilik Algısı Ölçeği ile Yetişkinler İçin Psikolojik Dayanıklılık Ölçeği kullanılmıştır. Özel gereksinimli bireylerin annelerinin ve babalarının Psikolojik Dayanıklılık Ölçeği puanlarının çocuklarının engel türüne göre farklılaşıp farklılaşmadığını belirlemek için yapılan analizler sonucunda psikolojik dayanıklılık alt boyutlarında (yapısal stil, gelecek algısı, aile uyumu, kendilik algısı, sosyal yeterlilik, sosyal kaynaklar) ve toplam puanda anlamlı bir fark olmadığı bulunmuştur. Aynı zamanda özel gereksinimli bireylerin annelerinin Ebeveyn Rolüne ilişkin Kendilik Algısı ölçeği puanlarında çocuklarının engel türüne göre de anlamlı bir fark olmadığı görülmüştür. Buna karşın, babalarının Ebeveyn Rolüne ilişkin Kendilik Algısı yeterlilik alt boyutunda sadece çocuğu zihin engelli olan babalar ile çocuğu serebral palsi olanlar arasında serebral palsi olanların lehine anlamlı bir fark olduğu bulunmuştur. Ayrıca ebeveynlerin Psikolojik Dayanıklılık Ölçeği puanlarının ebeveyn türüne göre farklılaşıp farklılaşmadığına bakıldığında; aile uyumu, kendilik algısı, sosyal yeterlilik ve toplam puanda aradaki farkın anlamlı olduğu görülmüştür. Son olarak anne ve babaların Ebeveyn Rolüne ilişkin Kendilik Algıları puanları arasında anlamlı bir fark bulunamamıştır.
Anahtar Kelime:

Comparison of Psychological Resilience and Parental Perceptions of Parents Having Children with Mentally Handicapped, CP and Autism

Öz:
When the child is born with special needs or in future when defined a child with special needs, parents' life circles change. Because of living a child with special needs (SNC), parents are forced psychologically and their resilience might be affected. According to researches parents who have SNC experienced stress so that parental self-perception decrease, anxiety and depression increase, family relations are disrupted (Rezendes & Scarpa, 2011; McConnell & Savage, 2015). Stress level of parents have a child with CP are too high and feel inadequate (Altındağ et al., 2007; Butcher, Wind & Bouma, 2008; Gülaldı, 2010). Difficulties in social interaction and communication and also destructive and problem behaviors of children with ASD, caused a chaos in the family and is the most powerful predictor of the stress on the parents (Myers, Mackintosh & Goin-Kochel, 2009; Lyons, Leon, Phelps & Dunleavy, 2010). Parents of children with intellectual disability (ID), autism spectrum disorder (ASD) or cerebral palsy (CP) experienced many difficulties because of special needs of their children, and forced psychologically, so that PR can be affected. Psychologic resilience; is defined as an adaptation process to difficult situations, handling with stressful situations and a self-recovery power (Masten & Coatsworth, 1998; Luthar & Cicchetti, 2000; Masten, 2001; Tusaie & Dyer, 2004; Alvord & Grados, 2005). While unique characteristics and different difficulties of each disability group cause difficulties on parents in different ways, it is conceivable that SPPR is affected in different ways. The SPPR is enunciable as a self-perspective of parents being a mother and father. In addition, it is related to how parents feel competent, the expectations and frustrations are regarding the role of parents, and to evaluate themselves. Güler and Yetim (2008) cited that the functions of the SPPR are defined by MacPhee et al. (1986), and these functions are competence, role satisfaction, investment and role balance (Güler & Yetim, 2008). Parents of SNC have different experiences on competence, role satisfaction, investment and role balance for children because of the responsibilities brought by the child's disability. The aim of this research is to compare the PR and the SPPR who have children with ID, CP or ASD. The sample of this study is constituted by parents have SNC. 334 parents joined, and 266 of participants were mothers (79,6%), 68 of them fathers (20,4%). Self-Perception of Parent Role Scale (SPPR) adapted by Güler and Çetin (2008), and Psychological Resilience Scale for Adults (PR) adapted by Basım and Çetin (2011) were used to data collection in this research. In this research interviewed with ten teachers, graduated from special education and working in rehabilitation center. The aim of the research, how the scales will be used, and considerations when filling in forms told to teachers, and 450 scales given. Returning scales were stripped, 334 scales were obtained, and data were input and analyzed with SPSS 15.0. As a result of the analysis, found that there is no difference the subscales scores and total PR scores of fathers' and mothers' have SNC according to types of the child disability. It was found that after analysis, there is no significant difference the SPPR of mothers' have SNC according to types of the child disability, however, in the competent subscale scores, there is significant meaningful difference, and fathers of c hildren with CP have higher scores than fathers of children with ID (Table 2 and Table 3). As a result of the analysis, there is a meaningful difference in subscales of family harmony, self perception and social competence, and total score of PR according to type of parents, and found that mothers have higher scores than fathers. Additionally, there is no difference between SPPR scores of fathers and mothers (Table 4). In this research firstly, we found that there is no difference between the scores of PR o f both fathers and mothers of SNC according to type of child's disability. Even if difficulties came with the disability are different, parents follow similar process in the same system to get available educational services for child's needs. Therefore, PR scores might be similar, and it is not differentiating related to type of disability. Other researchers found that mothers of child with ASD have less PR than mothers of child with ID or normal child (Bitsika, Sharpley & Bell, 2013; Weiss, 2002). Secondly , there is no difference between SPPR scores of mothers according to type of disability. Although needs and characteristics of children are differentiated, parents have similar responsible to be qualify and regulate roles in the family, so that selfpercep tion can be similar. Additionally, n
Anahtar Kelime:

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APA Aydın A, Arslantürk Egin C (2018). Zihin Engelli, Serebral Palsili ve Otizmli Çocuk Ebeveynlerinin Psikolojik Dayanıklılıkları ile Ebeveynlik Algılarının Karşılaştırılması. , 171 - 188. 10.7822/omuefd.364970
Chicago Aydın Aydan,Arslantürk Egin Cennet Tuba Zihin Engelli, Serebral Palsili ve Otizmli Çocuk Ebeveynlerinin Psikolojik Dayanıklılıkları ile Ebeveynlik Algılarının Karşılaştırılması. (2018): 171 - 188. 10.7822/omuefd.364970
MLA Aydın Aydan,Arslantürk Egin Cennet Tuba Zihin Engelli, Serebral Palsili ve Otizmli Çocuk Ebeveynlerinin Psikolojik Dayanıklılıkları ile Ebeveynlik Algılarının Karşılaştırılması. , 2018, ss.171 - 188. 10.7822/omuefd.364970
AMA Aydın A,Arslantürk Egin C Zihin Engelli, Serebral Palsili ve Otizmli Çocuk Ebeveynlerinin Psikolojik Dayanıklılıkları ile Ebeveynlik Algılarının Karşılaştırılması. . 2018; 171 - 188. 10.7822/omuefd.364970
Vancouver Aydın A,Arslantürk Egin C Zihin Engelli, Serebral Palsili ve Otizmli Çocuk Ebeveynlerinin Psikolojik Dayanıklılıkları ile Ebeveynlik Algılarının Karşılaştırılması. . 2018; 171 - 188. 10.7822/omuefd.364970
IEEE Aydın A,Arslantürk Egin C "Zihin Engelli, Serebral Palsili ve Otizmli Çocuk Ebeveynlerinin Psikolojik Dayanıklılıkları ile Ebeveynlik Algılarının Karşılaştırılması." , ss.171 - 188, 2018. 10.7822/omuefd.364970
ISNAD Aydın, Aydan - Arslantürk Egin, Cennet Tuba. "Zihin Engelli, Serebral Palsili ve Otizmli Çocuk Ebeveynlerinin Psikolojik Dayanıklılıkları ile Ebeveynlik Algılarının Karşılaştırılması". (2018), 171-188. https://doi.org/10.7822/omuefd.364970
APA Aydın A, Arslantürk Egin C (2018). Zihin Engelli, Serebral Palsili ve Otizmli Çocuk Ebeveynlerinin Psikolojik Dayanıklılıkları ile Ebeveynlik Algılarının Karşılaştırılması. Ondokuz Mayıs Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, 37(1), 171 - 188. 10.7822/omuefd.364970
Chicago Aydın Aydan,Arslantürk Egin Cennet Tuba Zihin Engelli, Serebral Palsili ve Otizmli Çocuk Ebeveynlerinin Psikolojik Dayanıklılıkları ile Ebeveynlik Algılarının Karşılaştırılması. Ondokuz Mayıs Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi 37, no.1 (2018): 171 - 188. 10.7822/omuefd.364970
MLA Aydın Aydan,Arslantürk Egin Cennet Tuba Zihin Engelli, Serebral Palsili ve Otizmli Çocuk Ebeveynlerinin Psikolojik Dayanıklılıkları ile Ebeveynlik Algılarının Karşılaştırılması. Ondokuz Mayıs Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, vol.37, no.1, 2018, ss.171 - 188. 10.7822/omuefd.364970
AMA Aydın A,Arslantürk Egin C Zihin Engelli, Serebral Palsili ve Otizmli Çocuk Ebeveynlerinin Psikolojik Dayanıklılıkları ile Ebeveynlik Algılarının Karşılaştırılması. Ondokuz Mayıs Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi. 2018; 37(1): 171 - 188. 10.7822/omuefd.364970
Vancouver Aydın A,Arslantürk Egin C Zihin Engelli, Serebral Palsili ve Otizmli Çocuk Ebeveynlerinin Psikolojik Dayanıklılıkları ile Ebeveynlik Algılarının Karşılaştırılması. Ondokuz Mayıs Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi. 2018; 37(1): 171 - 188. 10.7822/omuefd.364970
IEEE Aydın A,Arslantürk Egin C "Zihin Engelli, Serebral Palsili ve Otizmli Çocuk Ebeveynlerinin Psikolojik Dayanıklılıkları ile Ebeveynlik Algılarının Karşılaştırılması." Ondokuz Mayıs Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, 37, ss.171 - 188, 2018. 10.7822/omuefd.364970
ISNAD Aydın, Aydan - Arslantürk Egin, Cennet Tuba. "Zihin Engelli, Serebral Palsili ve Otizmli Çocuk Ebeveynlerinin Psikolojik Dayanıklılıkları ile Ebeveynlik Algılarının Karşılaştırılması". Ondokuz Mayıs Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi 37/1 (2018), 171-188. https://doi.org/10.7822/omuefd.364970